【翻译】Unity3D车辆的滑动效果

取得作者的同意的

原文
Unity开发者的技术文章。

编辑：这个skidmark系统现在在GitHub上。

很久以前，Unity发布了一个汽车教程，为汽车提供了一些很好的滑动标记，但是skidmarks脚本做了一大堆不必要的东西，并产生了一个巨大的GC问题，因为它运行，导致垃圾收集器出现大约一秒一次，使用大约25％的CPU在框架中收集一堆网格。在Scrap的早期版本中，我已经有了一些skidmark代码，但是它也有同样可怕的GC问题，所以我提出来，而不是当时就修复它。

在此期间，我看了几个其他的skidmark解决方案，但他们都有自己的问题。例如，有些是基于渲染器的，并且一旦车辆停止打滑，它们（所有这些）都被消除（“ 这不是一个错误，这是一个功能 ”）。

最近有人联系了我，问我是否曾经做过，虽然我没有，但我们有一些交流，他指出，有可能做到原来的基于网格的方式没有产生如此多的垃圾。今天我发生了这样的文章，所以这里是旧的汽车案例中skidmarks的修改版本，不会生成垃圾，不会永远计数混迹的数量，并且不会在LateUpdate中执行所有不必要的网格划分：

using UnityEngine; // Skidmarks texture. Only need one of these in a scene somewhere. Call AddSkidMark.public class Skidmarks : MonoBehaviour {
    // INSPECTOR SETTINGS   // Material for the skidmarks to use
    [SerializeField]
    Material skidmarksMaterial;     // END INSPECTOR SETTINGS   // Variables for each mark created. Needed to generate the correct mesh.
    class MarkSection {
        public Vector3 Pos = Vector3.zero;
        public Vector3 Normal = Vector3.zero;
        public Vector4 Tangent = Vector4.zero;
        public Vector3 Posl = Vector3.zero;
        public Vector3 Posr = Vector3.zero;
        public byte Intensity;
        public int LastIndex;
    };  const int MAX_MARKS = 1024; // Max number of marks total for everyone together
    const float MARK_WIDTH = 0.35f; // Width of the skidmarks. Should match the width of the wheels
    const float GROUND_OFFSET = 0.02f;  // Distance above surface in metres
    const float MIN_DISTANCE = 1.0f; // Distance between points in metres. Bigger = more clunky, straight-line skidmarks
    const float MIN_SQR_DISTANCE = MIN_DISTANCE * MIN_DISTANCE;     int markIndex;
    MarkSection[] skidmarks;
    Mesh marksMesh;
    MeshRenderer mr;
    MeshFilter mf;
    Vector3[] vertices;
    Vector3[] normals;
    Vector4[] tangents;
    Color32[] colors;
    Vector2[] uvs;
    int[] triangles;    bool updated;
    bool haveSetBounds;     // #### UNITY INTERNAL METHODS ####     protected void Start() {
        skidmarks = new MarkSection[MAX_MARKS];
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MARKS; i++) {
            skidmarks[i] = new MarkSection();
        }
        mf = GetComponent();
        mr = GetComponent();
        if (mr == null) {
            mr = gameObject.AddComponent();
        }
        marksMesh = new Mesh();
        marksMesh.MarkDynamic();
        if (mf == null) {
            mf = gameObject.AddComponent();
        }
        mf.sharedMesh = marksMesh;
        vertices = new Vector3[MAX_MARKS * 4];
        normals = new Vector3[MAX_MARKS * 4];
        tangents = new Vector4[MAX_MARKS * 4];
        colors = new Color32[MAX_MARKS * 4];
        uvs = new Vector2[MAX_MARKS * 4];
        triangles = new int[MAX_MARKS * 6];
        mr.castShadows = false;
        mr.receiveShadows = false;
        mr.material = skidmarksMaterial;
        mr.useLightProbes = false;
    }   protected void LateUpdate() {
        if (!updated) return;
        updated = false;        // Reassign the mesh if it's changed this frame
        marksMesh.vertices = vertices;
        marksMesh.normals = normals;
        marksMesh.tangents = tangents;
        marksMesh.triangles = triangles;
        marksMesh.colors32 = colors;
        marksMesh.uv = uvs;         if (!haveSetBounds) {
            // Could use RecalculateBounds here each frame instead, but it uses about 0.1-0.2ms each time.
            // Save time by just making the mesh bounds huge, so the skidmarks will always draw.
            // Not sure why I only need to do this once, yet can't do it in Start (it resets to zero).
            marksMesh.bounds = new Bounds(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(10000, 10000, 10000));
            haveSetBounds = true;
        }
        mf.sharedMesh = marksMesh;
    }   // #### PUBLIC METHODS ####     // Function called by the wheels that is skidding. Gathers all the information needed to
    // create the mesh later. Sets the intensity of the skidmark section b setting the alpha
    // of the vertex color.
    public int AddSkidMark(Vector3 pos, Vector3 normal, float intensity, int lastIndex) {
        if (intensity > 1) intensity = 1.0f;
        else if (intensity < 0) return -1; if (lastIndex > 0) {
            float sqrDistance = (pos - skidmarks[lastIndex].Pos).sqrMagnitude;
            if (sqrDistance < MIN_SQR_DISTANCE) return lastIndex;
        }
        MarkSection curSection = skidmarks[markIndex];
        curSection.Pos = pos + normal * GROUND_OFFSET;
        curSection.Normal = normal;
        curSection.Intensity = (byte)(intensity * 255f);
        curSection.LastIndex = lastIndex;       if (lastIndex != -1) {
            MarkSection lastSection = skidmarks[lastIndex];
            Vector3 dir = (curSection.Pos - lastSection.Pos);
            Vector3 xDir = Vector3.Cross(dir, normal).normalized;
            curSection.Posl = curSection.Pos + xDir * MARK_WIDTH * 0.5f;
            curSection.Posr = curSection.Pos - xDir * MARK_WIDTH * 0.5f;
            curSection.Tangent = new Vector4(xDir.x, xDir.y, xDir.z, 1);            if (lastSection.LastIndex == -1) {
                lastSection.Tangent = curSection.Tangent;
                lastSection.Posl = curSection.Pos + xDir * MARK_WIDTH * 0.5f;
                lastSection.Posr = curSection.Pos - xDir * MARK_WIDTH * 0.5f;
            }
        }
        UpdateSkidmarksMesh();      int curIndex = markIndex;
        // Update circular index
        markIndex = ++markIndex % MAX_MARKS;        return curIndex;
    }   // #### PROTECTED/PRIVATE METHODS ####  // Update part of the mesh for the current markIndex
    void UpdateSkidmarksMesh() {
        MarkSection curr = skidmarks[markIndex];        // Nothing to connect to yet
        if (curr.LastIndex == -1) return;
        MarkSection last = skidmarks[curr.LastIndex];
        vertices[markIndex * 4 + 0] = last.Posl;
        vertices[markIndex * 4 + 1] = last.Posr;
        vertices[markIndex * 4 + 2] = curr.Posl;
        vertices[markIndex * 4 + 3] = curr.Posr;
        normals[markIndex * 4 + 0] = last.Normal;
        normals[markIndex * 4 + 1] = last.Normal;
        normals[markIndex * 4 + 2] = curr.Normal;
        normals[markIndex * 4 + 3] = curr.Normal;
        tangents[markIndex * 4 + 0] = last.Tangent;
        tangents[markIndex * 4 + 1] = last.Tangent;
        tangents[markIndex * 4 + 2] = curr.Tangent;
        tangents[markIndex * 4 + 3] = curr.Tangent;
        colors[markIndex * 4 + 0] = new Color32(0, 0, 0, last.Intensity);
        colors[markIndex * 4 + 1] = new Color32(0, 0, 0, last.Intensity);
        colors[markIndex * 4 + 2] = new Color32(0, 0, 0, curr.Intensity);
        colors[markIndex * 4 + 3] = new Color32(0, 0, 0, curr.Intensity);
        uvs[markIndex * 4 + 0] = new Vector2(0, 0);
        uvs[markIndex * 4 + 1] = new Vector2(1, 0);
        uvs[markIndex * 4 + 2] = new Vector2(0, 1);
        uvs[markIndex * 4 + 3] = new Vector2(1, 1);
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 0] = markIndex * 4 + 0;
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 2] = markIndex * 4 + 1;
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 1] = markIndex * 4 + 2;
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 3] = markIndex * 4 + 2;
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 5] = markIndex * 4 + 1;
        triangles[markIndex * 6 + 4] = markIndex * 4 + 3;
        updated = true;
    }}

将该脚本放在场景的任何地方。它需要一个MeshFilter和MeshRenderer，但它会自动生成它们。您可能希望您的滑动材料具有小于100％的Alpha。我从车教程上传只是着色器在这里。

调用AddSkidmark，无论你想要什么，并跟踪lastSkid，清除它，当你想要他们停止：我正在使用GetGroundHit数据从车轮每个FixedUpdate。您可能需要调整车辆的前进速度，使其不像在车轮后方产生的那样。使用示例

WheelHit wheelHitInfo;if (wheelCollider.GetGroundHit(out wheelHitInfo)) {
    // Check sideways speed
    // Gives velocity with +Z being our forward axis
    Vector3 localVelocity = transform.InverseTransformDirection(rigidbody.velocity);
    float skidSpeed = Mathf.Abs(localVelocity.x);
    if (skidSpeed >= SKID_FX_SPEED) {
        // MAX_SKID_INTENSITY as a constant, m/s where skids are at full intensity
        float intensity = Mathf.Clamp01(skidSpeed / MAX_SKID_INTENSITY);
        Vector3 skidPoint = wheelHitInfo.point + (rigidbody.velocity * Time.fixedDeltaTime);
        lastSkid = Skidmarks.AddSkidMark(skidPoint, wheelHitInfo.normal, intensity, lastSkid);
    }
    else {
        lastSkid = -1;
    }}

（不含烟）

这将在下一个Scraps更新中。