Efficient way to multiply with 7（快速乘以7）

# include<stdio.h>

int multiplyBySeven(int n)
{
    /* Note the inner bracket here. This is needed
       because precedence of '-' operator is higher
       than '<<' */
    return ((n<<3) - n);
}

/* Driver program to test above function */
int main()
{
     int n;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
    {printf("%d\n", multiplyBySeven(n));
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

We can multiply a number by 7 using bitwise operator. First left shift the number by 3 bits (you will get 8n) then subtract the original numberfrom the shifted number and return the difference (8n – n).

Time Complexity: O(1)
Space Complexity: O(1)

Note: Works only for positive integers.
Same concept can be used for fast multiplication by 9 or other numbers.