前面两篇文章分析avformat_open_input和avcodec_open2两个函数,我们所做的函数分析工作都是为了能够很好的理解前面一篇博客:ffmpeg学习四:写第一个程序-视频解码中所给的视频解码的程序。avformat_find_stream_info函数也是视频解码程序中必须要有的函数,因此这篇文章主要来分析这个函数。
一、功能简介
先看看avformat_find_stream_info函数的注释:
/**
* Read packets of a media file to get stream information. This
* is useful for file formats with no headers such as MPEG. This
* function also computes the real framerate in case of MPEG-2 repeat
* frame mode.
* The logical file position is not changed by this function;
* examined packets may be buffered for later processing.
*
* @param ic media file handle
* @param options If non-NULL, an ic.nb_streams long array of pointers to
* dictionaries, where i-th member contains options for
* codec corresponding to i-th stream.
* On return each dictionary will be filled with options that were not found.
* @return >=0 if OK, AVERROR_xxx on error
*
* @note this function isn't guaranteed to open all the codecs, so
* options being non-empty at return is a perfectly normal behavior.
*
* @todo Let the user decide somehow what information is needed so that
* we do not waste time getting stuff the user does not need.
*/
int avformat_find_stream_info(AVFormatContext *ic, AVDictionary **options);
从注释来看,avformat_find_stream_info主要是读一些包(packets ),然后从中提取初流的信息。有一些文件格式没有头,比如说MPEG格式的,这个时候,这个函数就很有用,因为它可以从读取到的包中获得到流的信息。在MPEG-2重复帧模式的情况下,该函数还计算真实的帧率。
逻辑文件位置不被此函数更改; 读出来的包会被缓存起来供以后处理。
注释很好的解释了这个函数的功能。我们可以想象一下,既然这个函数的功能是更新流的信息,那么可以猜测它的作用就是更新AVStream这个结构体中的字段了。我们先浏览下这个结构体:
二、AVStream结构体解析
/**
* Stream structure.
* New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
* Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
* version bump.
* sizeof(AVStream) must not be used outside libav*.
*/
typedef struct AVStream {
int index; /**< stream index in AVFormatContext */
/**
* Format-specific stream ID.
* decoding: set by libavformat
* encoding: set by the user, replaced by libavformat if left unset
*/
int id;
#if FF_API_LAVF_AVCTX
/**
* @deprecated use the codecpar struct instead
*/
attribute_deprecated
AVCodecContext *codec;
#endif
void *priv_data;
#if FF_API_LAVF_FRAC
/**
* @deprecated this field is unused
*/
attribute_deprecated
struct AVFrac pts;
#endif
/**
* This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
* of which frame timestamps are represented.
*
* decoding: set by libavformat
* encoding: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header() to
* provide a hint to the muxer about the desired timebase. In
* avformat_write_header(), the muxer will overwrite this field
* with the timebase that will actually be used for the timestamps
* written into the file (which may or may not be related to the
* user-provided one, depending on the format).
*/
AVRational time_base;
/**
* Decoding: pts of the first frame of the stream in presentation order, in stream time base.
* Only set this if you are absolutely 100% sure that the value you set
* it to really is the pts of the first frame.
* This may be undefined (AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
* @note The ASF header does NOT contain a correct start_time the ASF
* demuxer must NOT set this.
*/
int64_t start_time;
/**
* Decoding: duration of the stream, in stream time base.
* If a source file does not specify a duration, but does specify
* a bitrate, this value will be estimated from bitrate and file size.
*/
int64_t duration;
int64_t nb_frames; ///< number of frames in this stream if known or 0
int disposition; /**< AV_DISPOSITION_* bit field */
enum AVDiscard discard; ///< Selects which packets can be discarded at will and do not need to be demuxed.
/**
* sample aspect ratio (0 if unknown)
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavformat.
*/
AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
AVDictionary *metadata;
/**
* Average framerate
*
* - demuxing: May be set by libavformat when creating the stream or in
* avformat_find_stream_info().
* - muxing: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
*/
AVRational avg_frame_rate;
/**
* For streams with AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC disposition, this packet
* will contain the attached picture.
*
* decoding: set by libavformat, must not be modified by the caller.
* encoding: unused
*/
AVPacket attached_pic;
/**
* An array of side data that applies to the whole stream (i.e. the
* container does not allow it to change between packets).
*
* There may be no overlap between the side data in this array and side data
* in the packets. I.e. a given side data is either exported by the muxer
* (demuxing) / set by the caller (muxing) in this array, then it never
* appears in the packets, or the side data is exported / sent through
* the packets (always in the first packet where the value becomes known or
* changes), then it does not appear in this array.
*
* - demuxing: Set by libavformat when the stream is created.
* - muxing: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
*
* Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
*
* @see av_format_inject_global_side_data()
*/
AVPacketSideData *side_data;
/**
* The number of elements in the AVStream.side_data array.
*/
int nb_side_data;
/**
* Flags for the user to detect events happening on the stream. Flags must
* be cleared by the user once the event has been handled.
* A combination of AVSTREAM_EVENT_FLAG_*.
*/
int event_flags;
#define AVSTREAM_EVENT_FLAG_METADATA_UPDATED 0x0001 ///< The call resulted in updated metadata.
/*****************************************************************
* All fields below this line are not part of the public API. They
* may not be used outside of libavformat and can be changed and
* removed at will.
* New public fields should be added right above.
*****************************************************************
*/
/**
* Stream information used internally by av_find_stream_info()
*/
#define MAX_STD_TIMEBASES (30*12+30+3+6)
struct {
int64_t last_dts;
int64_t duration_gcd;
int duration_count;
int64_t rfps_duration_sum;
double (*duration_error)[2][MAX_STD_TIMEBASES];
int64_t codec_info_duration;
int64_t codec_info_duration_fields;
/**
* 0 -> decoder has not been searched for yet.
* >0 -> decoder found
* <0 -> decoder with codec_id == -found_decoder has not been found
*/
int found_decoder;
int64_t last_duration;
/**
* Those are used for average framerate estimation.
*/
int64_t fps_first_dts;
int fps_first_dts_idx;
int64_t fps_last_dts;
int fps_last_dts_idx;
} *info;
int pts_wrap_bits; /**< number of bits in pts (used for wrapping control) */
// Timestamp generation support:
/**
* Timestamp corresponding to the last dts sync point.
*
* Initialized when AVCodecParserContext.dts_sync_point >= 0 and
* a DTS is received from the underlying container. Otherwise set to
* AV_NOPTS_VALUE by default.
*/
int64_t first_dts;
int64_t cur_dts;
int64_t last_IP_pts;
int last_IP_duration;
/**
* Number of packets to buffer for codec probing
*/
int probe_packets;
/**
* Number of frames that have been demuxed during av_find_stream_info()
*/
int codec_info_nb_frames;
/* av_read_frame() support */
enum AVStreamParseType need_parsing;
struct AVCodecParserContext *parser;
/**
* last packet in packet_buffer for this stream when muxing.
*/
struct AVPacketList *last_in_packet_buffer;
AVProbeData probe_data;
#define MAX_REORDER_DELAY 16
int64_t pts_buffer[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
AVIndexEntry *index_entries; /**< Only used if the format does not
support seeking natively. */
int nb_index_entries;
unsigned int index_entries_allocated_size;
/**
* Real base framerate of the stream.
* This is the lowest framerate with which all timestamps can be
* represented accurately (it is the least common multiple of all
* framerates in the stream). Note, this value is just a guess!
* For example, if the time base is 1/90000 and all frames have either
* approximately 3600 or 1800 timer ticks, then r_frame_rate will be 50/1.
*
* Code outside avformat should access this field using:
* av_stream_get/set_r_frame_rate(stream)
*/
AVRational r_frame_rate;
/**
* Stream Identifier
* This is the MPEG-TS stream identifier +1
* 0 means unknown
*/
int stream_identifier;
int64_t interleaver_chunk_size;
int64_t interleaver_chunk_duration;
/**
* stream probing state
* -1 -> probing finished
* 0 -> no probing requested
* rest -> perform probing with request_probe being the minimum score to accept.
* NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
*/
int request_probe;
/**
* Indicates that everything up to the next keyframe
* should be discarded.
*/
int skip_to_keyframe;
/**
* Number of samples to skip at the start of the frame decoded from the next packet.
*/
int skip_samples;
/**
* If not 0, the number of samples that should be skipped from the start of
* the stream (the samples are removed from packets with pts==0, which also
* assumes negative timestamps do not happen).
* Intended for use with formats such as mp3 with ad-hoc gapless audio
* support.
*/
int64_t start_skip_samples;
/**
* If not 0, the first audio sample that should be discarded from the stream.
* This is broken by design (needs global sample count), but can't be
* avoided for broken by design formats such as mp3 with ad-hoc gapless
* audio support.
*/
int64_t first_discard_sample;
/**
* The sample after last sample that is intended to be discarded after
* first_discard_sample. Works on frame boundaries only. Used to prevent
* early EOF if the gapless info is broken (considered concatenated mp3s).
*/
int64_t last_discard_sample;
/**
* Number of internally decoded frames, used internally in libavformat, do not access
* its lifetime differs from info which is why it is not in that structure.
*/
int nb_decoded_frames;
/**
* Timestamp offset added to timestamps before muxing
* NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
*/
int64_t mux_ts_offset;
/**
* Internal data to check for wrapping of the time stamp
*/
int64_t pts_wrap_reference;
/**
* Options for behavior, when a wrap is detected.
*
* Defined by AV_PTS_WRAP_ values.
*
* If correction is enabled, there are two possibilities:
* If the first time stamp is near the wrap point, the wrap offset
* will be subtracted, which will create negative time stamps.
* Otherwise the offset will be added.
*/
int pts_wrap_behavior;
/**
* Internal data to prevent doing update_initial_durations() twice
*/
int update_initial_durations_done;
/**
* Internal data to generate dts from pts
*/
int64_t pts_reorder_error[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
uint8_t pts_reorder_error_count[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
/**
* Internal data to analyze DTS and detect faulty mpeg streams
*/
int64_t last_dts_for_order_check;
uint8_t dts_ordered;
uint8_t dts_misordered;
/**
* Internal data to inject global side data
*/
int inject_global_side_data;
/**
* String containing paris of key and values describing recom