Qt 3D 官方实例2 multiviewport

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一、Mutiviewport 效果

demo是一个qml窗口从多个视口来渲染场景图

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代码阅读

代码结构如上图。
QuadViewportFrameGraph.qml
提供了五个viewport ，一个大的包含和其平分的上下左右四个子viewport

import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0

RenderSettings {
    id: quadViewportFrameGraph

    property alias topLeftCamera: cameraSelectorTopLeftViewport.camera;
    property alias topRightCamera: cameraSelectorTopRightViewport.camera;
    property alias bottomLeftCamera: cameraSelectorBottomLeftViewport.camera;
    property alias bottomRightCamera: cameraSelectorBottomRightViewport.camera;
    property alias window: surfaceSelector.surface

    activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector {
        id: surfaceSelector

        Viewport {
            id: mainViewport
            normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1)

            ClearBuffers {
                buffers: ClearBuffers.ColorDepthBuffer
                clearColor: Qt.rgba(0.6, 0.6, 0.6, 1.0)
            }

            Viewport {
                id: topLeftViewport
                normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5)
                CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopLeftViewport }
            }

            Viewport {
                id: topRightViewport
                normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.5)
                CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorTopRightViewport }
            }

            Viewport {
                id: bottomLeftViewport
                normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
                CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomLeftViewport }
            }

            Viewport {
                id: bottomRightViewport
                normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
                CameraSelector { id: cameraSelectorBottomRightViewport }
            }
        }
    }
}

SimpleCamera.qml
对此文件有些不太明白，该文件提供了Entity中 components中包含了一个CameraLens 和Transform ，这样难道就等同于Camera了吗？

import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0

Entity {
    id: root

    property vector3d position: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 10.0)
    property vector3d viewCenter: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    property vector3d upVector: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
    property CameraLens lens: null

    components: [lens, transform]

    Transform {
        id: transform
        matrix: {
            var m = Qt.matrix4x4();
            m.translate(root.position)
            var zAxis = root.position.minus(root.viewCenter).normalized()
            var xAxis = root.upVector.crossProduct(zAxis).normalized();
            var yAxis = zAxis.crossProduct(xAxis);
            var r = Qt.matrix4x4(xAxis.x, yAxis.x, zAxis.x, 0,
                                 xAxis.y, yAxis.y, zAxis.y, 0,
                                 xAxis.z, yAxis.z, zAxis.z, 0,
                                 0, 0, 0, 1)
            return m.times(r);
        }
    }
}

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.0
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
import Qt3D.Input 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.0

Entity {
    id: rootNode
    components: [quadViewportFrameGraph, inputSettings]

    QuadViewportFrameGraph {
        id: quadViewportFrameGraph
        topLeftCamera: cameraSet.cameras[0]
        topRightCamera: cameraSet.cameras[1]
        bottomLeftCamera: cameraSet.cameras[2]
        bottomRightCamera: cameraSet.cameras[3]
    }

    // Event Source will be set by the Qt3DQuickWindow
    InputSettings { id: inputSettings }

    Entity {
        id: cameraSet
        property var cameras: [camera1, camera2, camera3, camera4]

        CameraLens {
            id: cameraLens
            projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
            fieldOfView: 45
            aspectRatio: 16/9
            nearPlane: 0.01
            farPlane: 1000.0
        }
        CameraLens {
            id: cameraLens2
            projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
            fieldOfView: 15
            aspectRatio: 16/9
            nearPlane: 0.01
            farPlane: 1000.0
        }
        CameraLens {
            id: cameraLens3
            projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
            fieldOfView: 5
            aspectRatio: 16/9
            nearPlane: 0.01
            farPlane: 1000.0
        }

        SimpleCamera {
            id: camera1
            lens: cameraLens2
            position: Qt.vector3d(10.0, 1.0, 10.0)
            viewCenter: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
        }

        SimpleCamera {
            id: camera2
            lens: cameraLens
            position: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 5.0)
            viewCenter: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        }

        SimpleCamera {
            id: camera3
            lens: cameraLens2
            position: Qt.vector3d(30.0, 30.0, 20.0)
            viewCenter: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -8.0)
        }

        SimpleCamera {
            id: camera4
            lens: cameraLens3
            position: Qt.vector3d(100.0, 0.0, -6.0)
            viewCenter: Qt.vector3d(0.0, 0.0, -6.0)
        }
    }

    Entity {
        id: sceneRoot
        property real rotationAngle: 0

        SequentialAnimation {
            running: true
            loops: Animation.Infinite
            NumberAnimation { target: sceneRoot; property: "rotationAngle"; to: 360; duration: 4000; }
        }

        Entity {
            components: [
                Transform {
                    rotation: fromAxisAndAngle(Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 1), -sceneRoot.rotationAngle)
                },
                SceneLoader {
                    source: "qrc:/Gear_scene.dae"
                }
            ]
        }
    } // sceneRoot
} // rootNode

二、涉及组件学习

CameraLens

定义3D场景中摄影机的投影矩阵，下面的属性是不是似曾相识，跟Camera很类似
Properties
aspectRatio : real
bottom : real
farPlane : real
fieldOfView : real
left : real
nearPlane : real
projectionMatrix : matrix4x4
projectionType : enumeration
right : real
top : real

CameraSelector

CameraSelector可用于选择相机，FrameGraph使用该相机来绘制实体。
Properties
camera : Entity

RenderSurfaceSelector

RenderSurface选择器可用于选择serface，Qt3D在其中渲染内容。表面可以是window surface 或 offscreen surface。externalRenderTargetSize用于指定offscreen surface渲染目标的实际大小。
当系统使用DPI缩放时，鼠标事件使用的逻辑曲面大小和曲面的实际“物理”大小可能会有所不同。surfacePixelRatio是将逻辑大小转换为物理大小的因子。
Properties
externalRenderTargetSize : size
surface : QSurface
surfacePixelRatio : real

Viewport

场景的视口指定Qt3D渲染到渲染曲面的哪个部分。视口外的区域保持不变。它还控制该视口中渲染的全局参数，如gamma

Properties
gamma : rect //gamma因子，默认2.2
normalizedRect : rect
指定视口的规格化矩形，即相对于渲染曲面大小指定视口矩形。整个曲面大小的视口指定为[0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0]，这是默认值。

SceneLoader

给定一个3D源文件，SceneLoader将尝试对其进行解析，并用适当的GeometryRenderer、Transform和Material组件构建实体对象树。
loader 将根据模型文件的属性尝试确定要使用的最佳材料。如果希望使用自定义材质，则必须遍历树，并将默认关联材质替换为您的材质。
顾名思义，SceneLoader加载一个完整的场景子树。如果希望加载单个几何体，则应改用网格。
SceneLoader内部依靠插件的使用来支持各种各样的3D文件格式。以下是Qt3D支持的格式列表。http://assimp.sourceforge.net/main_features_formats.html

注意：此组件不应在多个实体实例之间共享。将导致未定义的行为。

三、总结

上节的simple-qml 中提供的场景是RenderSettings->Camera结构，
本文提供的场景是 RenderSettings -> viewport -> CameraLens 结构