关于函数模板与类模板的初步认识

<span style="font-size:18px;">//函数模板</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">template <class charT, class traits>
  basic_ostream<charT,traits>& endl ( basic_ostream<charT,traits>& os );</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">//类模板</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">template <class char T,class traits></span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">class basic_ostream</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">{</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">}</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">//模板函数是函数模板的具体实现</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">//模板类是类模板的具体实现，类是对象的抽象，类模板是类的抽象；</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">//模板的引入提高了可移植性，模板本身与平台无关；类型无关保证了很高的可复用性；在编译时而不是运行时检查数据类型，保证了类型安全、</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">//可以来创建动态增长和减小的数据结构</span>

// (1) delimiter as parameter
 template<class CharType, class Traits, class Allocator> 
basic_istream<CharType, Traits>& getline(     basic_istream<CharType, Traits>& is,     basic_string<CharType, Traits, Allocator>& str, CharType delim); 

 template<class CharType, class Traits, class Allocator> 
basic_istream<CharType, Traits>& getline(     basic_istream<CharType, Traits>&& is,     basic_string<CharType, Traits, Allocator>& str, const CharType delim);  

// (2) default delimiter used
 template<class CharType, class Traits, class Allocator>
 basic_istream<CharType, Traits>& getline(     basic_istream<CharType, Traits>& is,     basic_string<CharType, Traits, Allocator>& str); 

 template<class Allocator, class Traits, class Allocator> 
basic_istream<Allocator, Traits>& getline(     basic_istream<Allocator, Traits>&& is,     basic_string<Allocator, Traits, Allocator>& str);