libuv学习，创建tcp服务端试例

    使用libuv，可以非常方便的创建tcp服务端，基本上除了初始化，其他所有的处理都是在回调函数中处理的。可以非常轻松的实现异步读写。其中需要注意的是，uv_read_start的第二个参数，uv_alloc_cb回调函数，在每次接收到数据触发uv_read_cb回调之前都会被调用一次，用来给接收缓存做初始化，如果是每次通过malloc申请的内存，那么就要自己手动free掉，试例中就是使用的这种方式，只不过做了处理，接收的时候没有free掉，而是通过uv_buf_init函数把它又赋值给了uv_write所需的发送缓存，最后在发送完成回调uv_write_cb中一并free了。通过这种方式，实现了简单的tcp echo服务。

/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#ifndef TASK_H_
#define TASK_H_

#include "uv.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1600
#include "stdint-msvc2008.h"
#else
#include <stdint.h>
#endif

#if !defined(_WIN32)
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>  /* setrlimit() */
#endif

#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc99-extensions"
#endif

#define TEST_PORT 9123
#define TEST_PORT_2 9124

#ifdef _WIN32
#define TEST_PIPENAME "\\\\?\\pipe\\uv-test"
#define TEST_PIPENAME_2 "\\\\?\\pipe\\uv-test2"
#else
#define TEST_PIPENAME "/tmp/uv-test-sock"
#define TEST_PIPENAME_2 "/tmp/uv-test-sock2"
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <io.h>
#ifndef S_IRUSR
#define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
#endif
#ifndef S_IWUSR
#define S_IWUSR _S_IWRITE
#endif
#endif

#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))

#define container_of(ptr, type, member) \
  ((type *) ((char *) (ptr) - offsetof(type, member)))

typedef enum {
    TCP = 0,
    UDP,
    PIPE
} stream_type;

/* Die with fatal error. */
#define FATAL(msg)                                        \
  do {                                                    \
    fprintf(stderr,                                       \
            "Fatal error in %s on line %d: %s\n",         \
            __FILE__,                                     \
            __LINE__,                                     \
            msg);                                         \
    fflush(stderr);                                       \
    abort();                                              \
  } while (0)

/* Have our own assert, so we are sure it does not get optimized away in
 * a release build.
 */
#define ASSERT(expr)                                      \
 do {                                                     \
  if (!(expr)) {                                          \
    fprintf(stderr,                                       \
            "Assertion failed in %s on line %d: %s\n",    \
            __FILE__,                                     \
            __LINE__,                                     \
            #expr);                                       \
    abort();                                              \
  }                                                       \
 } while (0)

/* This macro cleans up the main loop. This is used to avoid valgrind
 * warnings about memory being "leaked" by the main event loop.
 */
#define MAKE_VALGRIND_HAPPY()           \
  do {                                  \
    close_loop(uv_default_loop());      \
    uv_loop_delete(uv_default_loop());  \
  } while (0)

/* Just sugar for wrapping the main() for a task or helper. */
#define TEST_IMPL(name)                                                       \
  int run_test_##name(void);                                                  \
  int run_test_##name(void)

#define BENCHMARK_IMPL(name)                                                  \
  int run_benchmark_##name(void);                                             \
  int run_benchmark_##name(void)

#define HELPER_IMPL(name)                                                     \
  int run_helper_##name(void);                                                \
  int run_helper_##name(void)

/* Pause the calling thread for a number of milliseconds. */
void uv_sleep(int msec);

/* Format big numbers nicely. WARNING: leaks memory. */
const char* fmt(double d);

/* Reserved test exit codes. */
enum test_status {
    TEST_OK = 0,
    TEST_TODO,
    TEST_SKIP
};

#define RETURN_OK()                                                           \
  do {                                                                        \
    return TEST_OK;                                                           \
  } while (0)

#define RETURN_TODO(explanation)                                              \
  do {                                                                        \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", explanation);                                     \
    fflush(stderr);                                                           \
    return TEST_TODO;                                                         \
  } while (0)

#define RETURN_SKIP(explanation)                                              \
  do {                                                                        \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", explanation);                                     \
    fflush(stderr);                                                           \
    return TEST_SKIP;                                                         \
  } while (0)

#if !defined(_WIN32)

#define TEST_FILE_LIMIT(num)                                                 \
    do {                                                                      \
      struct rlimit lim;                                                      \
      lim.rlim_cur = (num);                                                   \
      lim.rlim_max = lim.rlim_cur;                                            \
      if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))                                     \
        RETURN_SKIP("File descriptor limit too low.");                        \
    } while (0)

#else  /* defined(_WIN32) */

#define TEST_FILE_LIMIT(num) do {} while (0)

#endif


#if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __GNUC__

#include <stdarg.h>

/* Define inline for MSVC<2015 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
#define inline __inline
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900

/* Emulate snprintf() on MSVC<2015, _snprintf() doesn't zero-terminate the buffer
 * on overflow...
 */
inline int snprintf(char* buf, size_t len, const char* fmt, ...) {
    va_list ap;
    int n;

    va_start(ap, fmt);
    n = _vsprintf_p(buf, len, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    /* It's a sad fact of life that no one ever checks the return value of
     * snprintf(). Zero-terminating the buffer hopefully reduces the risk
     * of gaping security holes.
     */
    if (n < 0)
        if (len > 0)
            buf[0] = '\0';

    return n;
}
#endif

#endif

#if defined(__clang__) ||                                \
    defined(__GNUC__) ||                                 \
    defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) ||                         \
    defined(__SUNPRO_C)
#define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
#else
#define UNUSED
#endif

/* Fully close a loop */
static void close_walk_cb(uv_handle_t* handle, void* arg) {
    if (!uv_is_closing(handle))
        uv_close(handle, NULL);
}

UNUSED static void close_loop(uv_loop_t* loop) {
    uv_walk(loop, close_walk_cb, NULL);
    uv_run(loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
}

UNUSED static int can_ipv6(void) {
    uv_interface_address_t* addr;
    int supported;
    int count;
    int i;

    if (uv_interface_addresses(&addr, &count))
        return 1; /* Assume IPv6 support on failure. */

    supported = 0;
    for (i = 0; supported == 0 && i < count; i += 1)
        supported = (AF_INET6 == addr[i].address.address6.sin6_family);

    uv_free_interface_addresses(addr, count);
    return supported;
}

#endif /* TASK_H_ */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <uv.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "task.h"

typedef struct
{
    int nm;
} conn;

typedef struct
{
    uv_write_t req;
    uv_buf_t buf;
} write_req_t;
static uv_loop_t* loop;

static int server_closed;
static stream_type serverType;
static uv_tcp_t tcpServer;
static uv_udp_t udpServer;
static uv_pipe_t pipeServer;
static uv_handle_t* server;

static void after_write(uv_write_t* req, int status);
static void after_read(uv_stream_t*, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf);
static void on_close(uv_handle_t* peer);
static void on_server_close(uv_handle_t* handle);
static void on_connection(uv_stream_t*, int status);

static void on_server_close(uv_handle_t* handle)
{
    ASSERT(handle == server);
}

static void after_write(uv_write_t* req, int status)
{
    write_req_t* wr;

    /* Free the read/write buffer and the request */
    wr = (write_req_t*) req;
    printf("wr->buf.base=%p\n",wr->buf.base);
    free(wr->buf.base);
    free(wr);

    if (status == 0)
        return;

    fprintf(stderr,
            "uv_write error: %s - %s\n",
            uv_err_name(status),
            uv_strerror(status));
}

static void after_shutdown(uv_shutdown_t* req, int status)
{
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) req->handle, on_close);
    free(req);
}

static void after_read(uv_stream_t* handle,
        ssize_t nread,
        const uv_buf_t* buf)
{
    int i;
    write_req_t *wr;
    uv_shutdown_t* sreq;

    if (nread < 0)
    {
        /* Error or EOF */
        ASSERT(nread == UV_EOF);

        free(buf->base);
        sreq = malloc(sizeof* sreq);
        ASSERT(0 == uv_shutdown(sreq, handle, after_shutdown));
        return;
    }

    if (nread == 0)
    {
        /* Everything OK, but nothing read. */
        free(buf->base);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Scan for the letter Q which signals that we should quit the server.
     * If we get QS it means close the stream.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < nread; i++)
    {
        printf("0x%02x ", buf->base[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
    if (!server_closed)
    {

        for (i = 0; i < nread; i++)
        {
            if (buf->base[i] == 'Q')
            {
                if (i + 1 < nread && buf->base[i + 1] == 'S')
                {
                    free(buf->base);
                    uv_close((uv_handle_t*) handle, on_close);
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    uv_close(server, on_server_close);
                    server_closed = 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    wr = (write_req_t*) malloc(sizeof *wr);
    ASSERT(wr != NULL);
    wr->buf = uv_buf_init(buf->base, nread);

    if (uv_write(&wr->req, handle, &wr->buf, 1, after_write))
    {
        FATAL("uv_write failed");
    }
}

static void on_close(uv_handle_t* peer)
{
    free(peer);
}

static void echo_alloc(uv_handle_t* handle,
        size_t suggested_size,
        uv_buf_t* buf)
{
    buf->base = malloc(suggested_size);
    buf->len = suggested_size;
    printf("suggested_size =%d %p\n", suggested_size,buf->base);
}

static void on_connection(uv_stream_t* server, int status)
{
    uv_stream_t* stream;
    int r;

    if (status != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Connect error %s\n", uv_err_name(status));
    }
    ASSERT(status == 0);

    switch (serverType)
    {
        case TCP:
            stream = malloc(sizeof (uv_tcp_t));
            ASSERT(stream != NULL);
            r = uv_tcp_init(loop, (uv_tcp_t*) stream);
            ASSERT(r == 0);
            break;

        case PIPE:
            stream = malloc(sizeof (uv_pipe_t));
            ASSERT(stream != NULL);
            r = uv_pipe_init(loop, (uv_pipe_t*) stream, 0);
            ASSERT(r == 0);
            break;

        default:
            ASSERT(0 && "Bad serverType");
            abort();
    }

    /* associate server with stream */
    stream->data = server;

    r = uv_accept(server, stream);
    ASSERT(r == 0);

    
    r = uv_read_start(stream, echo_alloc, after_read);
    ASSERT(r == 0);
}

static int tcp4_echo_start(int port)
{
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    int r;

    ASSERT(0 == uv_ip4_addr("0.0.0.0", port, &addr));

    server = (uv_handle_t*) & tcpServer;
    serverType = TCP;

    r = uv_tcp_init(loop, &tcpServer);
    if (r)
    {
        /* TODO: Error codes */
        fprintf(stderr, "Socket creation error\n");
        return 1;
    }

    r = uv_tcp_bind(&tcpServer, (const struct sockaddr*) &addr, 0);
    if (r)
    {
        /* TODO: Error codes */
        fprintf(stderr, "Bind error\n");
        return 1;
    }

    r = uv_listen((uv_stream_t*) & tcpServer, SOMAXCONN, on_connection);
    if (r)
    {
        /* TODO: Error codes */
        fprintf(stderr, "Listen error %s\n", uv_err_name(r));
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    loop = uv_default_loop();
    tcp4_echo_start(30001);
    uv_run(loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
    return 0;
}