C#后台线程和UI的交互

在C#中，从Main()方法开始一个默认的线程，一般称之为主线程，如果在这个进行一些非常耗CPU的计算，那么UI界面就会被挂起而处于假死状态，也就是说无法和用户进行交互了，特别是要用类似进度条来实时显示一些提示信息的时候，这种情况就显得很糟糕。如果多开一些线程来完成一些耗时的计算，那么工作线程也是无法如此更新UI界面中的元素的，比如直接显示一个提示信息：label1.Text=outstring，原因很简单UI属于默认的主线程，而线程间是不能这样直接访问彼此的成员的。
如果要解决以上的两个问题，那么可以借助C#中的Delegate和控件类中的Invoke()方法来搞定。
这里给出的例子比较简单，主要思路是：在Main()中启动其它的线程作为后台进程，其中一个线程是实时显示当前的时间，一个线程是显示一些随机数，这样一来三个线程同时运行，彼此通过代理来联系。
红色代码精华

 

using  System; using  System.Drawing; using  System.Collections; using  System.ComponentModel; using  System.Windows.Forms; using  System.Data; using  System.Threading;   namespace  MutliThreadedWinFormsApp {      public  class  Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form      {          private  Thread currentTimeThread = null ;          private  Thread randomNumbersThread = null ;          private  System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;          private  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox currentTime;          private  System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;          private  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox randomNumbers;          private  System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox threadManager;          private  System.Windows.Forms.Button pause;          private  System.Windows.Forms.Button stop;          private  System.Windows.Forms.Button start;          private  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton manageTime;          private  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton manageNumbers;          private  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton manageBoth;          private  System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;            public  Form1()          {              InitializeComponent();                            //创建新的工作线程              currentTimeThread = new  Thread( new  ThreadStart(CountTime));              currentTimeThread.IsBackground = true ;                            randomNumbersThread = new  Thread( new  ThreadStart(GenerateRandomNumbers));              randomNumbersThread.IsBackground = true ;          }            protected  override  void  Dispose( bool  disposing )          {              if ( disposing )              {                  if  (components != null )                  {                      components.Dispose();                  }              }              base .Dispose( disposing );          }            UI设计#region UI设计          private  void  InitializeComponent()          {              this .label1 = new  System.Windows.Forms.Label();              this .currentTime = new  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();              this .label2 = new  System.Windows.Forms.Label();              this .randomNumbers = new  System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();              this .threadManager = new  System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();              this .manageBoth = new  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();              this .manageNumbers = new  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();              this .manageTime = new  System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();              this .pause = new  System.Windows.Forms.Button();              this .stop = new  System.Windows.Forms.Button();              this .start = new  System.Windows.Forms.Button();              this .threadManager.SuspendLayout();              this .SuspendLayout();              //              // label1              //              this .label1.AutoSize = true ;              this .label1.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(8, 24);              this .label1.Name = "label1" ;              this .label1.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(79, 13);              this .label1.TabIndex = 0;              this .label1.Text = "现在的时间：" ;              //              // currentTime              //              this .currentTime.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(88, 23);              this .currentTime.Name = "currentTime" ;              this .currentTime.ReadOnly = true ;              this .currentTime.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(157, 20);              this .currentTime.TabIndex = 1;              //              // label2              //              this .label2.AutoSize = true ;              this .label2.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(14, 56);              this .label2.Name = "label2" ;              this .label2.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(43, 13);              this .label2.TabIndex = 2;              this .label2.Text = "随机数" ;              //              // randomNumbers              //              this .randomNumbers.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(16, 72);              this .randomNumbers.Name = "randomNumbers" ;              this .randomNumbers.ReadOnly = true ;              this .randomNumbers.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(229, 20);              this .randomNumbers.TabIndex = 3;              //              // threadManager              //              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .manageBoth);              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .manageNumbers);              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .manageTime);              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .pause);              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .stop);              this .threadManager.Controls.Add( this .start);              this .threadManager.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(16, 104);              this .threadManager.Name = "threadManager" ;              this .threadManager.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(229, 154);              this .threadManager.TabIndex = 7;              this .threadManager.TabStop = false ;              this .threadManager.Text = "工作线程控制" ;              //              // manageBoth              //              this .manageBoth.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(34, 74);              this .manageBoth.Name = "manageBoth" ;              this .manageBoth.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(104, 16);              this .manageBoth.TabIndex = 12;              this .manageBoth.Text = "同时运行" ;              this .manageBoth.CheckedChanged += new  System.EventHandler( this .manageBoth_CheckedChanged);              //              // manageNumbers              //              this .manageNumbers.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(34, 50);              this .manageNumbers.Name = "manageNumbers" ;              this .manageNumbers.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(104, 16);              this .manageNumbers.TabIndex = 11;              this .manageNumbers.Text = "更新随机数线程" ;              this .manageNumbers.CheckedChanged += new  System.EventHandler( this .manageNumbers_CheckedChanged);              //              // manageTime              //              this .manageTime.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(34, 26);              this .manageTime.Name = "manageTime" ;              this .manageTime.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(104, 16);              this .manageTime.TabIndex = 10;              this .manageTime.Text = "更新时间线程" ;              this .manageTime.CheckedChanged += new  System.EventHandler( this .manageTime_CheckedChanged);              //              // pause              //              this .pause.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(84, 115);              this .pause.Name = "pause" ;              this .pause.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(54, 23);              this .pause.TabIndex = 9;              this .pause.Text = "暂停" ;              this .pause.Click += new  System.EventHandler( this .pause_Click);              //              // stop              //              this .stop.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(158, 115);              this .stop.Name = "stop" ;              this .stop.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(51, 23);              this .stop.TabIndex = 8;              this .stop.Text = "停止" ;              this .stop.Click += new  System.EventHandler( this .stop_Click);              //              // start              //              this .start.Location = new  System.Drawing.Point(6, 115);              this .start.Name = "start" ;              this .start.Size = new  System.Drawing.Size(50, 23);              this .start.TabIndex = 7;              this .start.Text = "开始" ;              this .start.Click += new  System.EventHandler( this .start_Click);              //              // Form1              //              this .AutoScaleBaseSize = new  System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);              this .ClientSize = new  System.Drawing.Size(253, 271);              this .Controls.Add( this .threadManager);              this .Controls.Add( this .randomNumbers);              this .Controls.Add( this .label2);              this .Controls.Add( this .currentTime);              this .Controls.Add( this .label1);              this .Name = "Form1" ;              this .Text = "工作线程和UI的交互" ;              this .Closing += new  System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler( this .Form1_Closing);              this .threadManager.ResumeLayout( false );              this .ResumeLayout( false );              this .PerformLayout();          }          #endregion                      [STAThread]          static  void  Main()          {              Application.Run( new  Form1());          }            private  void  start_Click( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {              bool  bTime = false , bRandomNumbers = false ;                if ( manageTime.Checked || manageBoth.Checked )                  bTime = true ;              if ( manageNumbers.Checked || manageBoth.Checked )                  bRandomNumbers = true ;                if ( bTime )                  currentTimeThread.Start();                            if ( bRandomNumbers )                  randomNumbersThread.Start();                start.Enabled = false ;              stop.Enabled = true ;              pause.Enabled = true ;          }            private  void  stop_Click( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {              bool  bTime = false , bRandomNumbers = false ;                if ( manageTime.Checked == true  || manageBoth.Checked == true  )                  bTime = true ;              if ( manageNumbers.Checked == true  || manageBoth.Checked == true  )                  bRandomNumbers = true ;                if ( bTime )              {                  currentTimeThread.Abort();                  currentTimeThread.Join();                    currentTimeThread = new  Thread( new  ThreadStart(CountTime));                  currentTimeThread.IsBackground = true ;              }                if ( bRandomNumbers )              {                  randomNumbersThread.Abort();                  randomNumbersThread.Join();                    randomNumbersThread = new  Thread( new  ThreadStart(GenerateRandomNumbers));                  randomNumbersThread.IsBackground = true ;              }                start.Enabled = true ;              stop.Enabled = false ;              pause.Enabled = false ;          }            private  void  pause_Click( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {              bool  bTime = false , bRandomNumbers = false ;                if ( manageTime.Checked == true  || manageBoth.Checked == true  )                  bTime = true ;              if ( manageNumbers.Checked == true  || manageBoth.Checked == true  )                  bRandomNumbers = true ;                if ( bTime )              {                  if ( 0 != (currentTimeThread.ThreadState & ( ThreadState.Suspended | ThreadState.SuspendRequested ) ) )                      currentTimeThread.Resume();                  else                      currentTimeThread.Suspend();              }                  if ( bRandomNumbers )              {                  if ( 0 != (randomNumbersThread.ThreadState & ( ThreadState.Suspended | ThreadState.SuspendRequested ) ) )                      randomNumbersThread.Resume();                  else                      randomNumbersThread.Suspend();              }          }            private  void  manageTime_CheckedChanged( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {          }            private  void  manageNumbers_CheckedChanged( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {          }            private  void  manageBoth_CheckedChanged( object  sender, System.EventArgs e)          {          }            /**/ /// <summary>          /// 注意其Invoke的使用,其有两种使用形式          /// public void Invoke(System.Delegate delegate);          /// public void Invoke(System.Delegate delegate, object [] args);          /// </summary>          public  void  CountTime()          {              while ( true )              {                  Invoke( new  UpdateTimeDelegate(updateCurrentTime));                  Thread.Sleep(1000);              }          }           <span style= "color: #ff0000;" ><strong> public  void  GenerateRandomNumbers()          {              int  [] randomNumbers = new  int [10];              Random r = new  Random();                while ( true )              {                  for ( int  i = 0; i < randomNumbers.Length; i++)                      randomNumbers[i] = r.Next(1, 100);                    Invoke( new  UpdateRandomNumbers(updateRandomNumbers), new  object [] { randomNumbers });                  Thread.Sleep(500);              }          }            /**/ /// <summary>          /// 负责更新UI界面中时间显示的函数          /// </summary>          private  void  updateCurrentTime()          {              currentTime.Text = DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString();          }                      /**/ /// <summary>          /// 负责更新UI界面中随机数显示的函数          /// </summary>          /// <param name="numbers"></param>          private  void  updateRandomNumbers( int  [] numbers)          {              System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new  System.Text.StringBuilder();                foreach ( int  i in  numbers)                  sb.Append(i.ToString()).Append( ", " );                randomNumbers.Text = sb.ToString();          }            private  void  Form1_Closing( object  sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)          {              if ( (randomNumbersThread.ThreadState & ThreadState.Running) == ThreadState.Running )                  randomNumbersThread.Abort();                randomNumbersThread = null ;                            if ( (currentTimeThread.ThreadState & ThreadState.Running) == ThreadState.Running )                  currentTimeThread.Abort();                currentTimeThread = null ;          }      }        public  delegate  void  UpdateTimeDelegate();      public  delegate  void  UpdateRandomNumbers( int  [] numbers); </strong></span>}

　　   其实在C# 2.0 中所有的Control类都有Invoke()方法，如果负责更新UI元素的函数不是定义在Main()中，那么必须首先检测Control类中的InvokeRequired属性。举个例子吧，注意setProgressBarValue()函数中调用自己的方式.

//在工作线程中更新主窗口进度条         public  void  setProgressBarValue(ProgressBar progressBar1, int  value)         {             if  (progressBar1.InvokeRequired)             {                 object [] parameters = new  object [] { value };                 progressBar1.Invoke( new  setProgressBarValueDelegate(setProgressBarValue), parameters);             }             else                 progressBar1.Value = value;         }   这里的一些代码参考了http: //www.codeproject.com  的例子.