OpenCV - 基本图形函数的使用

在OpenCV的图像绘制中，我们会用到各种绘制函数，基本的函数包括绘制直线的line函数，绘制椭圆的ellipse函数，绘制矩形的rectangle函数，绘制圆的circle函数以及用于绘制填充的多边形的fillPoly函数。下面可以通过下面用函数绘制的两个组个图的一段代码来详细了解DrawEllipse() 函数、DrawFilledCircle() 函数、DrawPolygon() 函数以及DrawLine() 函数的用法。

#include <iostream>     
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>      
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>      
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>      
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>      
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WinDow_1 "【绘制组合图1】" 
#define WinDow_2 "【绘制组合图2】"
#define WinDow_width 600

void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end);//绘制线段函数
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center);//绘制实心圆函数
void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle);//绘制椭圆函数
void DrawPolygon(Mat img);//绘制多边形函数

int main()
{

	// 初始化Mat图像
	Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WinDow_width, WinDow_width, CV_8UC3);
	Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WinDow_width, WinDow_width, CV_8UC3);

	//制出4个分别旋转0、45、90、-45度的椭圆
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
	DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);

	//绘制圆形
	DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WinDow_width / 2, WinDow_width / 2));

	imshow(WinDow_1, atomImage);//显示出化学原子图像
	moveWindow(WinDow_1, 0, 200);

	//绘制出多边形
	DrawPolygon(rookImage);

	//绘制矩形
	rectangle(rookImage,
		Point(0, 7 * WinDow_width / 8),
		Point(WinDow_width, WinDow_width),
		Scalar(0, 255, 255),
		-1,
		8);

	//绘制线段
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WinDow_width / 16), Point(WinDow_width, 15 * WinDow_width / 16));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WinDow_width / 4, 7 * WinDow_width / 8), Point(WinDow_width / 4, WinDow_width));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WinDow_width / 2, 7 * WinDow_width / 8), Point(WinDow_width / 2, WinDow_width));
	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, 7 * WinDow_width / 8), Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, WinDow_width));
	
	imshow(WinDow_2, rookImage);//显示出组合图形
	moveWindow(WinDow_2, WinDow_width, 200);

	waitKey(0);
	return(0);
}


void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle)
{
	int thickness = 2;//定义线宽
	int lineType = 8;//定义线型

	ellipse(img,
		Point(WinDow_width / 2, WinDow_width / 2),//椭圆中心坐标
		Size(WinDow_width / 4, WinDow_width / 16),//椭圆尺寸
		angle,//旋转角度
		0,
		360,
		Scalar(255, 129, 0),//用Scalar函数表示颜色-蓝色
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center)
{
	int thickness = -1;
	int lineType = 8;

	circle(img,
		center,//圆心坐标
		WinDow_width / 32,//圆的半径
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),//红色
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

void DrawPolygon(Mat img)
{
	int lineType = 8;
	Point rookPoints[1][20];//创建点，并用来绘制多边形
	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WinDow_width / 4, 7 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, 7 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, 13 * WinDow_width / 16);
	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WinDow_width / 16, 13 * WinDow_width / 16);
	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WinDow_width / 32, 3 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, 3 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WinDow_width / 4, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 4);
	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 4);
	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 4);
	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 4);
	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WinDow_width / 40, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WinDow_width / 4, WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WinDow_width / 4, 3 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WinDow_width / 32, 3 * WinDow_width / 8);
	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WinDow_width / 16, 13 * WinDow_width / 16);
	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WinDow_width / 4, 13 * WinDow_width / 16);

	const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
	int npt[] = { 20 };

	fillPoly(img,
		ppt,//多边形的点集
		npt,//所需绘制的多边形端点数目
		1,//多边形的数目
		Scalar(255, 255, 255),//白色
		lineType);
}

void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
	int thickness = 2;
	int lineType = 8;
	line(img,
		start,//起点坐标
		end,//终点坐标
		Scalar(0, 0, 0),//黑色
		thickness,
		lineType);
}

用上述函数所绘制的组合图形如下：