python基础

python基础

一、运算

• 数学 +,-,./, *,%

>>> 3**3
27
>>> 3%2
1
>>>

• 判断 ==,!=,>,<,>=,<=,in

>>> a=5
>>> a>6
False
>>> a in [1,2,3,4,5]
True
>>>

• 逻辑 and,or,not

>>> 1 and 1
1
>>> not 1
False
>>> not False
True

二、条件判断与循环

条件判断

if <1>:
    <do1>
elif <2>:
    <do2>
elif <3>:
    <do3>
else:
    <do4>

例子：

>>> a=80
>>> if a>80:
...     ptint('优良')
... elif a>60:
...     print('及格')
... else:
...     print('不及格')
...
及格

循环

for 元素 in 序列:
    statement

例子：

>>> for i in range(1,100): #1-99
...     sum = sum + i;
>>> sum
4950

while 条件:
    statement

例子：

>>> i=0
>>> sum =0
>>> while i<100:
...     sum = sum + i
...     i=i+1
...
>>> sum
4950

三、常用数据类型

Tuple,List与dic

• Tuple:元组[值不可变]

 >>> t=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
>>> type(t)
<class 'tuple'>
>>> t[3]
4

• List：表[值可以改变] append(data);insert(pos,data);pop(data);

>>> l=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> type(l)
<class 'list'>
>>> l.append(6)
>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> l.pop(4)
5
>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6]
>>> l[0:2]
[1, 2]
>>> l[0:5:2]
[1, 3, 6]

• dic：字典 key(),values(),items(),clear(),del(dic[key])

>>> d={'jim':18,'tom':19,'kaka':20}
>>> d.keys()
dict_keys(['jim', 'tom', 'kaka'])
>>> d.values()
dict_values([18, 19, 20])
>>> d.items()
dict_items([('jim', 18), ('tom', 19), ('kaka', 20)])
>>> del(d['jim'])
>>> d
{'tom': 19, 'kaka': 20}
>>> d.clear()
>>> d
{}

其它

产生随机数

import random

a=random.randrange(0,100)
print(a)