15 oj 虚函数-计算图型面积 73-76行为何这样写，不懂

/*编写一个程序，定义抽象基类Shape，由它派生出5个派生类：
 Circle(圆形)、Square(正方形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Trapezoid(梯形)、Triangle(三角形)。
用虚函数分别计算几种图形面积，并求它们之和。
要求用基类指针数组，使它每一个元素指向一个派生类对象。 
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Shape
{
    public:
    virtual double area()=0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{
    public:
    Circle(double r):R(r){}
    virtual double area()
    {
        return 3.1415926*R*R;
    }
    private:
    double R;
};
class Square:public Shape
{
    public:
    Square(double l):length(l){}
    virtual double area()
    {
        return length*length;
    }
    private:
    double length;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{
    public:
    Rectangle(double l,double w):length(l),width(w){}
    virtual double area()
    {
        return length*width;
    }
    private:
    double length;
    double width;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape
{
    public:
    Trapezoid(double s,double x,double h):shang(s),xia(x),height(h){}
    virtual double area()
    {
        return (shang+xia)*height*0.5;
    }
    private:
    double shang;
    double xia;
    double height;
};
class Triangle:public Shape
{
    public:
    Triangle(double b,double h):base(b),height(h){}
    virtual double area()
    {
        return base*height*0.5;
    }
    private:
    double base;
    double height;
};
void areas(Shape& shape)
{
    cout<<shape.area()<<endl;//不明白这一段为何这样写
}
int main()
{
    float r,a,b,w1,w2,w,h;
    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2);
    cin>>r;
    Circle circle(r);
    cin>>a;
    Square square(a);
    cin>>a>>b;
    Rectangle rectangle(a,b);
    cin>>w1>>w2>>h;
    Trapezoid trapezoid(w1,w1,h);
    cin>>w>>h;
    Triangle triangle(w,h);
    Shape *pt[5]= {&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};
    double areas=0.0;
    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
        areas=areas+pt[i]->area();
    cout<<"total of all areas="<<areas<<endl;
    return 0;
}