23种设计模式（C++）之 中介者（Mediator）模式

23种设计模式（C++）之 中介者（Mediator）模式

意图

用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使各对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而使其耦合松散，而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。

适用性

• 一组对象以定义良好但是复杂的方式进行通信。产生的相互依赖关系结构混乱且难以理解。
• 一个对象引用其他很多对象并且直接与这些对象通信，导致难以复用该对象。
• 想定制一个分布在多个类中的行为，而又不想生成太多的子类。

角色

• Mediator
  • 中介者定义一个接口用于与各同事（Colleague）对象通信。
• ConcreteMediator
  • 具体中介者通过协调各同事对象实现协作行为。
  • 了解并维护它的各个同事。
• Colleague Class
  • 每个同事类都知道它的中介者对象
  • 每个同事对象在需与其他同事通信的时候，与它的中介者通信。

实例

1. 创建同事抽象接口

class Mediator;

class Colleague
{
protected:
	Mediator* mediator;
	string name;
public:
	virtual string getName() = 0;
	virtual void sendMsg2SomeOne(string msg, string receiverName) = 0;
	virtual void receiveMsg(string msg, string senderName) = 0;
};

2. 创建具体同事类

class ColleagueA :public Colleague
{
private:
	string name;
public:
	ColleagueA(string name, Mediator* mediator)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->mediator = mediator;
	}
	string getName()
	{
		return this->name;
	}
	void sendMsg2SomeOne(string msg, string receiverName);
	void receiveMsg(string msg, string senderName)
	{
		cout << this->name + " received a msg from " + senderName << " and the msg is " << msg << endl;
	}
};

class ColleagueB :public Colleague
{
private:
	string name;
public:
	ColleagueB(string name, Mediator* mediator)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->mediator = mediator;
	}
	string getName()
	{
		return this->name;
	}
	void sendMsg2SomeOne(string msg, string receiverName);
	void receiveMsg(string msg, string senderName)
	{
		cout << this->name+" received a msg from " + senderName << " and the msg is " << msg << endl;
	}
};

3. 创建中介者抽象接口

class Mediator 
{
public:
	virtual void setColleagueA(Colleague* colleagueA) = 0;
	virtual void setColleagueB(Colleague* colleagueB) = 0;
	virtual void sendMessage(string msg, string receiverName, string senderName) = 0;
};

4. 创建具体中介者类

class ConcreteMediator: public Mediator
{
private:
	Colleague* colleagueA;
	Colleague* colleagueB;
public:
	void setColleagueA(Colleague* colleagueA)
	{
		this->colleagueA = colleagueA;
	}
	void setColleagueB(Colleague* colleagueB)
	{
		this->colleagueB = colleagueB;
	}
	void sendMessage(string msg, string receiverName, string senderName)
	{
		if (receiverName == this->colleagueA->getName())
		{
			this->colleagueA->receiveMsg(msg, senderName);
		}
		else if (receiverName == this->colleagueB->getName())
		{
			this->colleagueB->receiveMsg(msg, senderName);
		}
	}
};

void ColleagueA::sendMsg2SomeOne(string msg, string receiverName)
{
	this->mediator->sendMessage(msg, receiverName, this->name);
}

void ColleagueB::sendMsg2SomeOne(string msg, string receiverName)
{
	this->mediator->sendMessage(msg, receiverName, this->name);
}

5. Client

int main()
{
	//Create a mediator
	Mediator* mediator = new ConcreteMediator();
	//Instance each colleague with mediator
	Colleague* colleagueA = new ColleagueA("colleagueA", mediator);
	Colleague* colleagueB = new ColleagueB("colleagueB", mediator);
	//Let mediator know each colleague
	mediator->setColleagueA(colleagueA);
	mediator->setColleagueB(colleagueB);
	//Communicate between colleagues
	colleagueA->sendMsg2SomeOne("'Hello, I'm colleagueA!'", colleagueB->getName());
	colleagueB->sendMsg2SomeOne("'Hello, I'm colleagueB!'", colleagueA->getName());
}

6. 结果

colleagueB received a msg from colleagueA and the msg is 'Hello, I'm colleagueA!'
colleagueA received a msg from colleagueB and the msg is 'Hello, I'm colleagueB!'