opencv python 图像特征提取与描述

Harris角点检测

import cv2
import numpy as np
filename = 'images/building.jpg'
img = cv2.imread(filename)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = np.float32(gray)
# 输入图像必须是 float32 ,最后一个参数在 0.04 到 0.05 之间
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.04)
#result is dilated for marking the corners, not important
dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)
# Threshold for an optimal value, it may vary depending on the image.
img[dst>0.01*dst.max()]=[0,0,255]
cv2.imshow('dst',img)
if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xff == 27:
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

亚像素级精确度的角点

import cv2
import numpy as np
filename = 'images/building.jpg'
img = cv2.imread(filename)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# find Harris corners
gray = np.float32(gray)
dst = cv2.cornerHarris(gray,2,3,0.04)
dst = cv2.dilate(dst,None)
ret, dst = cv2.threshold(dst,0.01*dst.max(),255,0)
dst = np.uint8(dst)
# find centroids
#connectedComponentsWithStats(InputArray image, OutputArray labels, OutputArray stats,
#OutputArray centroids, int connectivity=8, int ltype=CV_32S)
ret, labels, stats, centroids = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(dst)
# define the criteria to stop and refine the corners
criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 100, 0.001)
#Python: cv2.cornerSubPix(image, corners, winSize, zeroZone, criteria)
#zeroZone – Half of the size of the dead region in the middle of the search zone
#over which the summation in the formula below is not done. It is used sometimes
# to avoid possible singularities of the autocorrelation matrix. The value of (-1,-1)
# indicates that there is no such a size.
# 返回值由角点坐标组成的一个数组(而非图像)
corners = cv2.cornerSubPix(gray,np.float32(centroids),(5,5),(-1,-1),criteria)
# Now draw them
res = np.hstack((centroids,corners))
#np.int0 可以用来省略小数点后面的数字(非四
res = np.int0(res)
img[res[:,1],res[:,0]]=[0,0,255]
img[res[:,3],res[:,2]] = [0,255,0]

cv2.imshow('dst',img)
if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xff == 27:
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

cv2.imwrite('subpixel5.png',img)

Shi-Tomasi 角点检测

import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('images/building.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
corners = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(gray,25,0.01,10)
# 返回的结果是 [[ 311., 250.]] 两层括号的数组。
corners = np.int0(corners)
for i in corners:
    x,y = i.ravel()
    cv2.circle(img,(x,y),3,255,-1)
plt.imshow(img),plt.show()
cv2.imshow('dst',img)
if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xff == 27:
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()