STL设计将容器和算法分开,迭代器是两者的胶贴剂,STL 型别技术用于迭代器和算法之间,型别技术的实现是用Traits技法;
template <class Iterator>
struct iterator_traits
{
typedef typename Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
typedef typename Iterator::difference_type difference_type;
typedef typename Iterator::pointer pointer;
typedef typename Iterator::referece referece;
};
template <class T>
struct iterator_traits<T*>
{
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef T value_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef T* pointer;
typedef T& referece;
};
template <class T>
struct iterator_traits<const T*>
{
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef T value_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef T* pointer;
typedef T& referece;
};
Input Iterator : 该类迭代器所指对象,是只读的 read only;
Output Iterator : 只写 write only;
Forward Iterator : 允许写入型算法在此种迭代器所形成的区间上进行读写操作;
Bidirectional Iterator : 可双向移动;
Random Access Iterator :涵盖所有指针算法能力。
struct input_iterator_tag { };
struct output_iterator_tag { };
struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { };
struct bidirectional_iterator_tag: public forward_iterator_tag { };
struct random_access_iterator_tag: public bidirectional_iterator_tag { };