C++拷贝、赋值与销毁

copy

• 当用一个类的变量去初始化一个类的时候，会复制出该类的一个副本，而不是淡出的引用，即，改变新的变量，原来的变量不会改变。
• 用构造函数或者赋值均会复制出该类的一个副本。

• 代码

  #include<iostream>
  #include<exception>
  #include<fstream>
  #include<sstream>
  #include<string>
  #include<vector>
  #include<iterator>
  #include<list>
  #include<deque>
  #include<stack>
  #include<queue>
  #include<concurrent_priority_queue.h>
  #include<algorithm>
  #include<numeric>
  #include<functional>  //bind
  #include<map>
  #include<set>
  #include<unordered_map>
  #include<memory>
  using namespace std;
  
  class TestCopy
  {
  public:
      int num[10];
      string str;
  
      TestCopy(int n, string s)
      {
          num[0] = n;
          str = s;
      }
  };
  
  int main()
  {
      cout << "start!" << endl;
  
      TestCopy tc1(1, "233");
      TestCopy tc2(tc1);
  
      tc2.num[0] = 3;
      tc2.str = "after-change";
  
  
      cout << "test copy 1 : " << tc1.num[0] << ", " << tc1.str << endl;
      cout << "test copy 2 : " << tc2.num[0] << ", " << tc2.str << endl;
  
  
      TestCopy tc3 = tc1;
      tc3.num[0] = 100;
  
      cout << "test copy 1 : " << tc1.num[0] << ", " << tc1.str << endl;
      cout << "test copy 3 : " << tc3.num[0] << ", " << tc3.str << endl;
  
      cout << "end!" << endl;
      system("pause");
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
  }
  

  上面的代码中，tc1复制后生成了tc2，修改tc2，tc1不发生改变。修改tc3，tc1也不发生改变。

左值和右值

• 返回值是引用类型，且没有被const修饰时，可以将其返回值作为左值

• 代码

  #include<iostream>
  #include<exception>
  #include<fstream>
  #include<sstream>
  #include<string>
  #include<vector>
  #include<iterator>
  #include<list>
  #include<deque>
  #include<stack>
  #include<queue>
  #include<concurrent_priority_queue.h>
  #include<algorithm>
  #include<numeric>
  #include<functional>  //bind
  #include<map>
  #include<set>
  #include<unordered_map>
  #include<memory>
  #include<assert.h>
  using namespace std;
  
  
  char &lV(string &a, int idx)
  {
      assert((!a.empty()) && a.length() > idx);
      return a[idx];
  }
  
  int main()
  {
      cout << "start!" << endl;
  
      string s("ABCDEF");
      cout << s << endl;
  
      lV(s, 0) = 'Z';
      cout << s << endl;
  
  
      cout << "end!" << endl;
      system("pause");
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
  }
  

• 参考链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sunshinewave/article/details/7830701