1.在linux驱动模型中，为了便于管理各种设备，我们把不同设备分别挂在他们对应的总线上，设备对应的驱动程序也在总线上找，这样就提出了deivce-bus-driver的模型，硬件上有许多设备总线，那么我们就在设备模型上抽象出bus概念，相应的device就代表设备，driver表示驱动，在代码中它们对应的结构体下面介绍，对于实际的设备及总线，这些结构体就可以嵌入到实际总线上。
1. bus 结构体分析 基于Linux 3.7 x 内核分析
struct bus_type {
const char *name; //总线名称
const char *dev_name;
struct device *dev_root;
struct bus_attribute *bus_attrs;
struct device_attribute *dev_attrs;
struct driver_attribute *drv_attrs;
int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops;
}
注册接口bus_register(subsys)
注销接口 bus_unregister(struct bus_type *bus);
2. struct device //设备
struct device {
struct device *parent;
struct device_private *p;
struct kobject kobj;
const char *init_name; /* initial name of the device */
const struct device_type *type;
struct mutex mutex; /* mutex to synchronize calls to
* its driver.
*/
struct bus_type *bus; /* type of bus device is on */
struct device_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this
device */
void *platform_data; /* Platform specific data, device
core doesn't touch it */
struct dev_pm_info power;
struct dev_pm_domain *pm_domain;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
int numa_node; /* NUMA node this device is close to */
#endif
u64 *dma_mask; /* dma mask (if dma'able device) */
u64 coherent_dma_mask;/* Like dma_mask, but for
alloc_coherent mappings as
not all hardware supports
64 bit addresses for consistent
allocations such descriptors. */
struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;
struct list_head dma_pools; /* dma pools (if dma'ble) */
struct dma_coherent_mem *dma_mem; /* internal for coherent mem
override */
/* arch specific additions */
struct dev_archdata archdata;
struct device_node *of_node; /* associated device tree node */
dev_t devt; /* dev_t, creates the sysfs "dev" */
u32 id; /* device instance */
spinlock_t devres_lock;
struct list_head devres_head;
struct klist_node knode_class;
struct class *class;
const struct attribute_group **groups; /* optional groups */
void (*release)(struct device *dev);
};
接口 ：device_register(struct device *dev);
device_unregister(struct device *dev);
device的注册函数device_register分两步，先初始化device_initialize，主要是初始化所属的kset为/sys/devices目录，及其他（如PM相关），然后再注册，函数为device_add .具体device如何匹配到对应的driver在函数__device_attach中进行，加入开始device没有driver，那么会在bus中找到对应的driver
看看device_register函数实现
int device_register(struct device *dev)
{
device_initialize(dev);
return device_add(dev);
}
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
struct device *parent = NULL;
struct kobject *kobj;
struct class_interface *class_intf;
int error = -EINVAL;
dev = get_device(dev);
if (!dev)
goto done;
if (!dev->p) {
error = device_private_init(dev);
if (error)
goto done;
}
/*
* for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
* some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
* the name, and force the use of dev_name()
*/
if (dev->init_name) {
dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
dev->init_name = NULL;
}
/* subsystems can specify simple device enumeration */
if (!dev_name(dev) && dev->bus && dev->bus->dev_name)
dev_set_name(dev, "%s%u", dev->bus->dev_name, dev->id);
if (!dev_name(dev)) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto name_error;
}
pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);
parent = get_device(dev->parent);
kobj = get_device_parent(dev, parent);
if (kobj)
dev->kobj.parent = kobj;
/* use parent numa_node */
if (parent)
set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent));
/* first, register with generic layer. */
/* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL);
if (error)
goto Error;
/* notify platform of device entry */
if (platform_notify)
platform_notify(dev);
error = device_create_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
if (error)
goto attrError;
if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
error = device_create_file(dev, &devt_attr);
if (error)
goto ueventattrError;
error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev);
if (error)
goto devtattrError;
devtmpfs_create_node(dev);
}
error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
if (error)
goto SymlinkError;
error = device_add_attrs(dev);
if (error)
goto AttrsError;
error = bus_add_device(dev);
if (error)
goto BusError;
error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
if (error)
goto DPMError;
device_pm_add(dev);
/* Notify clients of device addition. This call must come
* after dpm_sysfs_add() and before kobject_uevent().
*/
if (dev->bus)
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
bus_probe_device(dev); ///***********************************进入函数@cyl
if (parent)
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
&parent->p->klist_children);
if (dev->class) {
mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
/* tie the class to the device */
klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_class,
&dev->class->p->klist_devices);
/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
&dev->class->p->interfaces, node)
if (class_intf->add_dev)
class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
}
done:
put_device(dev);
return error;
DPMError:
bus_remove_device(dev);
BusError:
device_remove_attrs(dev);
AttrsError:
device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
SymlinkError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
devtmpfs_delete_node(dev);
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_sys_dev_entry(dev);
devtattrError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_file(dev, &devt_attr);
ueventattrError:
device_remove_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
attrError:
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
Error:
cleanup_device_parent(dev);
if (parent)
put_device(parent);
name_error:
kfree(dev->p);
dev->p = NULL;
goto done;
}
void bus_probe_device(struct device *dev)
{
struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
struct subsys_interface *sif;
int ret;
if (!bus)
return;
if (bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
ret = device_attach(dev); ///进入device——attch 函数@cyl
WARN_ON(ret < 0);
}
mutex_lock(&bus->p->mutex);
list_for_each_entry(sif, &bus->p->interfaces, node)
if (sif->add_dev)
sif->add_dev(dev, sif);
mutex_unlock(&bus->p->mutex);
}
int device_attach(struct device *dev)
{
int ret = 0;
device_lock(dev);
if (dev->driver) {
if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
ret = 1;
goto out_unlock;
}
ret = device_bind_driver(dev);
if (ret == 0)
ret = 1;
else {
dev->driver = NULL;
ret = 0;
}
} else {
pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, dev, __device_attach); // _device_attach 函数
pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
}
out_unlock:
device_unlock(dev);
return ret;
}
static int __device_attach(struct device_driver *drv, void *data)
{
struct device *dev = data;
if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev)) // 调用总线bus match 函数
return 0;
return driver_probe_device(drv, dev); // 调用driver probe 函数
}
3. struct device_driver // device_driver 函数
struct device_driver {
const char *name;
struct bus_type *bus;
struct module *owner;
const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */
bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */
const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;
int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
const struct attribute_group **groups;
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct driver_private *p;
};
相关接口driver_register(struct device_driver *drv);
driver_unregister(struct device_driver *drv);
那 么驱动是如何匹配到对应的device的，我们分析发现__driver_attach函数进行匹配，接下来我们一起分析注册流程
int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
{
int ret;
struct device_driver *other;
BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);
if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
(drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
(drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
"bus_type methods\n", drv->name);
other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
if (other) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
"aborting...\n", drv->name);
return -EBUSY;
}
ret = bus_add_driver(drv); // 驱动添加@cyl
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
if (ret)
bus_remove_driver(drv);
return ret;
}
int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct bus_type *bus;
struct driver_private *priv;
int error = 0;
bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
if (!bus)
return -EINVAL;
pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);
priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!priv) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto out_put_bus;
}
klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);
priv->driver = drv;
drv->p = priv;
priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;
error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
"%s", drv->name);
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
error = driver_attach(drv); @进入此函数进行匹配 int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct bus_type *bus;
struct driver_private *priv;
int error = 0;
bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
if (!bus)
return -EINVAL;
pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);
priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!priv) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto out_put_bus;
}
klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);
priv->driver = drv;
drv->p = priv;
priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;
error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
"%s", drv->name);
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
error = driver_attach(drv); // 进入此函数匹配函数@cyl
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
}
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);
error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
if (error) {
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv);
if (error) {
/* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
if (!drv->suppress_bind_attrs) {
error = add_bind_files(drv);
if (error) {
/* Ditto */
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
}
kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
return 0;
out_unregister:
kobject_put(&priv->kobj);
kfree(drv->p);
drv->p = NULL;
out_put_bus:
bus_put(bus);
return error;
}
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
}
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);
error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
if (error) {
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv);
if (error) {
/* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
if (!drv->suppress_bind_attrs) {
error = add_bind_files(drv);
if (error) {
/* Ditto */
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n",
__func__, drv->name);
}
}
kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
return 0;
out_unregister:
kobject_put(&priv->kobj);
kfree(drv->p);
drv->p = NULL;
out_put_bus:
bus_put(bus);
return error;
}
int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv)
{
return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach); // 遍历总线上所有的设备
}
static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
struct device_driver *drv = data;
/*
* Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error
* here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying
* to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error
* simply if it didn't support the device.
*
* driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there
* is an error.
*/
if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
return 0;
if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
device_lock(dev->parent);
device_lock(dev);
if (!dev->driver)
driver_probe_device(drv, dev); // 调用驱动driver 上probe 函数进行初始@cyl
device_unlock(dev);
if (dev->parent)
device_unlock(dev->parent);
return 0;
}
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