C++——运算符重载

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex1
{
public:
    Complex1(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex1(double x,double y){real=x;imag=y;}
    Complex1 complex_add(Complex1 &d);//普通方法实现加法
    void print(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)\n";}

private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

Complex1 Complex1::complex_add(Complex1 &d)
{
    Complex1 c;
    c.real=real+d.real;
    c.imag=imag+d.imag;
    return c;
}


class Complex2
{
public:
    Complex2(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex2(double x,double y){real=x;imag=y;}
    Complex2 operator+(Complex2 &d);//操作符重载实现加法
    void print(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)\n";}
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os,Complex2 &d);//操作符<<的重载。。效果类似于print()
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//C++不允许用户自己定义新的运算符，只能对已有的运算符进行重载
//.(成员访问运算符)*(成员指针访问运算符)::(域运算符)sizeof(尺寸运算符)?:(条件运算符)不允许进行重载
//重载不能改变运算符操作数的个数；不能改变运算符的优先级别；不能有默认的参数
//重载的运算符必须和用户定义的自定义类型的对象一起使用，其参数至少应该有一个是类对象或类对象的引用（防止用户修改用于标准类型结构的运算符性质）

Complex2 Complex2::operator+(Complex2 &d)
{
    Complex2 c;
    c.real=real+d.real;
    c.imag=imag+d.imag;
    return c;

    // return Complex2(real+d.real,imag+d.imag);
    // return Complex2(this->real+d.real,this->imag+d.imag);
}

//operator<<()函数的原型是：std::ostram& operator<<(std::ostream& os,Rational f);
//第一个参数os是将要向它写数据的那个输出流；第二个参数f是打算写到输出流os里的数据值
//即将f写入os中
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os,Complex2 &d)
{
    os<<"("<<d.real<<","<<d.imag<<"i)"<<endl;
    return os;
}


class Complex3
{
public:
    Complex3(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex3(double x,double y){real=x;imag=y;}
    friend Complex3 operator+(Complex3 &c,Complex3 &d);
    void print(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)\n";}

private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//注意，这里作为友元函数，不属于Complex类，不要写::
Complex3 operator+(Complex3 &c,Complex3 &d)//友元函数，该函数不属于该类，但可以访问类的private、protected、public,即可以访问到c.real
{
    return Complex3(c.real+d.real,c.imag+d.imag);
}


void main()
{
    Complex1 c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"使用普通方法实现加法："<<endl;
    c3=c1.complex_add(c2);
    cout<<"c1=";c1.print();cout<<"c2=";c2.print();cout<<"c1+c2=";c3.print();//private成员不能通过类对象调用，只能通过成员函数print()调用
    cout<<endl<<endl;

    Complex2 c4(3,4),c5(5,-10),c6;
    cout<<"使用运算符重载实现加法："<<endl;
    c6=c4+c5;
    cout<<"c4=";c4.print();cout<<"c5=";c5.print();cout<<"c4+c5=";c6.print();
    cout<<"使用操作符<<重载后c4+c5="<<c6;//操作符<<的重载
    cout<<endl<<endl;

    Complex3 c7(3,4),c8(5,-10),c9;
    cout<<"使用友元函数实现加法："<<endl;
    c9=c7+c8;
    cout<<"c7=";c7.print();cout<<"c8=";c8.print();cout<<"c7+c8=";c9.print();
    cout<<endl<<endl;
}