使用Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡

1. Ribbon的介绍
   Ribbon 是 Netflix发布的负载均衡器，他有助于控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为。Ribbon 基于某种负载均衡的算法。
   Ribbon 为我们提供了负载均衡的算法，例如：轮询，随机，也可以自定义负载均衡算法。在spring  cloun中。和Eureka Server 一起使用的 可以自动获取Eureka Server 的服务者所提供的地址
2. Ribbon 与Eureka 配合使用的架构图
   
   
3. 为服务消费者整合Ribbon 
   复制microservice-simple-consumer-movie项目为microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon
   之前的jpa,和数据库配置是不变的，修改zMovieController.java

   package com.zjm.contoller;
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
   import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
   import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
   import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
   import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
   
   
   import com.zjm.user.User;
   
   
   import scala.sys.process.processInternal;
   
   
   
   
   @RestController
   @SpringBootApplication
   public class MovieController {
   	private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieController.class);
   	@Autowired
   	public RestTemplate restTemplate;
   	@Autowired
   	private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerclient;
   	@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",produces="application/json")
   	public User findById(@PathVariable Long id){
   		
   		return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-simple-provider-user/"+id, User.class);
   	}
   	@GetMapping("/log-instance")
   	public void logUser(){
   		ServiceInstance serviceInstance=loadBalancerclient.choose("microservice-simple-provider-user");
   		LOGGER.info("{}:{}:{}",serviceInstance.getServiceId(),serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
   	}
   	
   	
   }

   修改ConsumerMovieApplication.java,加@loadBalanced注解实现负载均衡
   
   

   package com.zjm;
   
   
   import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
   import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
   import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
   import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
   import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
   
   
   @SpringBootApplication
   public class ConsumerMovieApplication {
   	@Bean
   	@LoadBalanced
   	public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
   		return new RestTemplate();
   	}
   	public static void main(String[] args) {
   		SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
   	}
   }

   1.启动miroservice-discovery-eureka微服务，2.启动microservice-simple-provider-user两次或者是多次（每启动的一个修改一个端口号），3.启动microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon；访问http://localhost:8761/
   图下
   
   看上图，两个服务消费者已经注册进来，starting说明负载均衡的是实时在跑动，所以一直处于运行状态，再次访问http://localhost:8081/user/1 访问结果 
   

   {"id":1,"username":"account1","name":"zhangsan","age":20,"balance":100.00}
   
   再次访问http://localhost:8081/log-instance 不停的刷新如图所示：
   
   
   
   可以看出打印出来的8084,8085是我们访问的端口，这样我们已经实现了负载均衡的效果了