thinking in java——接口

创建抽象类和抽象方法非常有用，因为它们可以使类的抽象性明确起来，并告诉用户和编译器打算怎样来使用它们。
当要实现一个接口时，在接口中被定义的方法必须是public的

java SE5的Scanner类的构造器接受一个Readable接口，创建一个实现了Readerable接口的类，可以使用Scanner作用于它。Readerable接口要求使用read()方法。

public class RandomWords implements Readable {
  private static Random rand = new Random(47);
  private static final char[] capitals =
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
  private static final char[] lowers =
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".toCharArray();
  private static final char[] vowels =
    "aeiou".toCharArray();
  private int count;
  public RandomWords(int count) { this.count = count; } 
  public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
    if(count-- == 0)
      return -1; // Indicates end of input
    cb.append(capitals[rand.nextInt(capitals.length)]);
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      cb.append(vowels[rand.nextInt(vowels.length)]);
      cb.append(lowers[rand.nextInt(lowers.length)]);
    }
    cb.append(" ");
    return 10; // Number of characters appended
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Scanner s = new Scanner(new RandomWords(10));
    while(s.hasNext())
      System.out.println(s.next());
  }
} /* Output:
Yazeruyac
Fowenucor
Goeazimom
Raeuuacio
Nuoadesiw
Hageaikux
Ruqicibui
Numasetih
Kuuuuozog
Waqizeyoy
*///:~

如果一个类并未使用Readerable接口，可以使用适配器设计模式来进行伪多重继承，生成新类

public class RandomDoubles {
  private static Random rand = new Random(47);
  public double next() { return rand.nextDouble(); }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    RandomDoubles rd = new RandomDoubles();
    for(int i = 0; i < 7; i ++)
      System.out.print(rd.next() + " ");
  }
} /* Output:
0.7271157860730044 0.5309454508634242 0.16020656493302599 0.18847866977771732 0.5166020801268457 0.2678662084200585 0.2613610344283964
*///:~

public class AdaptedRandomDoubles extends RandomDoubles
implements Readable {
  private int count;
  public AdaptedRandomDoubles(int count) {
    this.count = count;
  }
  public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
    if(count-- == 0)
      return -1;
    String result = Double.toString(next()) + " ";
    cb.append(result);
    return result.length();
  } 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Scanner s = new Scanner(new AdaptedRandomDoubles(7));
    while(s.hasNextDouble())
      System.out.print(s.nextDouble() + " ");
  }
} /* Output:
0.7271157860730044 0.5309454508634242 0.16020656493302599 0.18847866977771732 0.5166020801268457 0.2678662084200585 0.2613610344283964
*///:~

接口中的域是static final的，可以被非常量表达式初始化