nvidia-smi是用来查看GPU使用情况的。我常用这个命令判断哪几块GPU空闲,但是最近的GPU使用状态让我很困惑,于是把nvidia-smi命令显示的GPU使用表中各个内容的具体含义解释一下。
这是服务器上特斯拉K80的信息。
上面的表格中:
第一栏的Fan:N/A是风扇转速,从0到100%之间变动,这个速度是计算机期望的风扇转速,实际情况下如果风扇堵转,可能打不到显示的转速。有的设备不会返回转速,因为它不依赖风扇冷却而是通过其他外设保持低温(比如我们实验室的服务器是常年放在空调房间里的)。
第二栏的Temp:是温度,单位摄氏度。
第三栏的Perf:是性能状态,从P0到P12,P0表示最大性能,P12表示状态最小性能。
第四栏下方的Pwr:是能耗,上方的Persistence-M:是持续模式的状态,持续模式虽然耗能大,但是在新的GPU应用启动时,花费的时间更少,这里显示的是off的状态。
第五栏的Bus-Id是涉及GPU总线的东西,domain:bus:device.function
第六栏的Disp.A是Display Active,表示GPU的显示是否初始化。
第五第六栏下方的Memory Usage是显存使用率。
第七栏是浮动的GPU利用率。
第八栏上方是关于ECC的东西。
第八栏下方Compute M是计算模式。
下面一张表示每个进程占用的显存使用率。
显存占用和GPU占用是两个不一样的东西,显卡是由GPU和显存等组成的,显存和GPU的关系有点类似于内存和CPU的关系。我跑caffe代码的时候显存占得少,GPU占得多,师弟跑TensorFlow代码的时候,显存占得多,GPU占得少。
背景
qgzang@ustc:~$ nvidia-smi -h
输出如下信息:
NVIDIA System Management Interface – v352.79
NVSMI provides monitoring information for Tesla and select Quadro devices.
The data is presented in either a plain text or an XML format, via stdout or a file.
NVSMI also provides several management operations for changing the device state.Note that the functionality of NVSMI is exposed through the NVML C-based
library. See the NVIDIA developer website for more information about NVML.
Python wrappers to NVML are also available. The output of NVSMI is
not guaranteed to be backwards compatible; NVML and the bindings are backwards
compatible.http://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-management-library-nvml/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/nvidia-ml-py/Supported products:
- Full Support
- All Tesla products, starting with the Fermi architecture
- All Quadro products, starting with the Fermi architecture
- All GRID products, starting with the Kepler architecture
- GeForce Titan products, starting with the Kepler architecture
- Limited Support
- All Geforce products, starting with the Fermi architecture
命令
nvidia-smi [OPTION1 [ARG1]] [OPTION2 [ARG2]] ...
参数
参数 | 详解 |
---|---|
-h, –help | Print usage information and exit. |
LIST OPTIONS:
参数 | 详解 |
---|---|
-L, –list-gpus | Display a list of GPUs connected to the system. |
qgzang@ustc:~$ nvidia-smi -L
GPU 0: GeForce GTX TITAN X (UUID: GPU-xxxxx-xxx-xxxxx-xxx-xxxxxx)
SUMMARY OPTIONS:
参数 | 详解 |
---|---|
-i,–id= | Target a specific GPU. |
-f,–filename= | Log to a specified file, rather than to stdout. |
-l,–loop= | Probe until Ctrl+C at specified second interval. |
QUERY OPTIONS:
参数 | 详解 |
---|---|
-q, | –query |
-u,–unit | Show unit, rather than GPU, attributes. |
-i,–id= | Target a specific GPU or Unit. |
-f,–filename= | Log to a specified file, rather than to stdout. |
-x,–xml-format | Produce XML output. |
–dtd | When showing xml output, embed DTD. |
-d,–display= | Display only selected information: MEMORY, |
-l, –loop= | Probe until Ctrl+C at specified second interval. |
-lms, –loop-ms= | Probe until Ctrl+C at specified millisecond interval. |
SELECTIVE QUERY OPTIONS:
参数 | 详解 | 补充 |
---|---|---|
–query-gpu= | Information about GPU. | Call –help-query-gpu for more info. |
–query-supported-clocks= | List of supported clocks. | Call –help-query-supported-clocks for more info. |
–query-compute-apps= | List of currently active compute processes. | Call –help-query-compute-apps for more info. |
–query-accounted-apps= | List of accounted compute processes. | Call –help-query-accounted-apps for more info. |
–query-retired-pages= | List of device memory pages that have been retired. | Call –help-query-retired-pages for more info. |
[mandatory]
参数 | 命令 |
---|---|
-i, –id= | Target a specific GPU or Unit. |
-f, –filename= | Log to a specified file, rather than to stdout. |
-l, –loop= | Probe until Ctrl+C at specified second interval. |
-lms, –loop-ms= | Probe until Ctrl+C at specified millisecond interval. |
DEVICE MODIFICATION OPTIONS:
参数 | 命令 | 补充 |
---|---|---|
-pm, –persistence-mode= | Set persistence mode: 0/DISABLED, 1/ENABLED | |
-e, –ecc-config= | Toggle ECC support: 0/DISABLED, 1/ENABLED | |
-p, –reset-ecc-errors= | Reset ECC error counts: 0/VOLATILE, 1/AGGREGATE | |
-c, –compute-mode= | Set MODE for compute applications: | 0/DEFAULT,1/EXCLUSIVE_THREAD (deprecated),2/PROHIBITED, 3/EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS |
–gom= | Set GPU Operation Mode: | 0/ALL_ON, 1/COMPUTE, 2/LOW_DP |
-r –gpu-reset | Trigger reset of the GPU. |
UNIT MODIFICATION OPTIONS:
参数 | 命令 |
---|---|
-t, –toggle-led= | Set Unit LED state: 0/GREEN, 1/AMBER |
-i, –id= | Target a specific Unit. |
SHOW DTD OPTIONS:
参数 | 命令 |
---|---|
–dtd | Print device DTD and exit. |
-f, –filename= | Log to a specified file, rather than to stdout. |
-u, –unit | Show unit, rather than device, DTD. |
–debug= | Log encrypted debug information to a specified file. |
Process Monitoring:
参数 | 命令 | 补充 |
---|---|---|
pmon | Displays process stats in scrolling format. | “nvidia-smi pmon -h” for more information. |
TOPOLOGY: (EXPERIMENTAL)
参数 | 命令 | 补充 |
---|---|---|
topo | Displays device/system topology. “nvidia-smi topo -h” for more information. | Please see the nvidia-smi(1) manual page for more detailed information. |