[TensorBoard]基本使用

安装

pip install tensorboard

基本使用

Graph显示

使用FileWriter将Graph写入events.out.tfevents中，用于TensorBoard显示。

tf.summary.FileWriter(logdir, graph=None, max_queue=10, flush_secs=120, graph_def=None, filename_suffix=None)
"""Writes `Summary` protocol buffers to event files.

  The `FileWriter` class provides a mechanism to create an event file in a
  given directory and add summaries and events to it. The class updates the
  file contents asynchronously. This allows a training program to call methods
  to add data to the file directly from the training loop, without slowing down
  training.
  """

tf.summary.FileWriter(“logs/”, sess.graph)

在定义Network时，用variable_scope（变量作用域）可以更好的展现网络结构，如下图所示，否则就是非常乱的网络结构（with tf.variable_scope(‘fc2’) as scope:）

从Tensorboard的graph中可以看出
1. 先把数据集的数据reshape成卷积需要的shape，然后依次进入两次卷积网络，再进入两次全链接网络，得到数据在每个分类上面的得分；
2. 得分结果与数据集的样本使用softmax_cross_entropy进行比较得到loss值用于训练，每次训练的数据经过gradients进行求导，更新后再通过ADAM自适应算法回到每个Tensor用于下次训练。

SCALARS & HISTOGRAMS & IMAGES

HISTOGRAMS 用于显示网络参数的直方图
tf.summary.histogram(‘conv1_weight’,W_conv1)
tf.summary.histogram(‘conv1_bias’,b_conv1)

"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer with a histogram.

  Adding a histogram summary makes it possible to visualize your data's
  distribution in TensorBoard. You can see a detailed explanation of the
  TensorBoard histogram dashboard
  [here](https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/tensorboard_histograms).

  The generated
  [`Summary`](https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/framework/summary.proto)
  has one summary value containing a histogram for `values`.

  This op reports an `InvalidArgument` error if any value is not finite.

  Args:
    name: A name for the generated node. Will also serve as a series name in
      TensorBoard.
    values: A real numeric `Tensor`. Any shape. Values to use to
      build the histogram.
    collections: Optional list of graph collections keys. The new summary op is
      added to these collections. Defaults to `[GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]`.
    family: Optional; if provided, used as the prefix of the summary tag name,
      which controls the tab name used for display on Tensorboard.

  Returns:
    A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
    buffer.
  """

SCALARS用于显示网络参数或者Loss 的变化情况
tf.summary.scalar(‘cross_entropy_loss’, cross_entropy)

"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer containing a single scalar value.

  The generated Summary has a Tensor.proto containing the input Tensor.

  Args:
    name: A name for the generated node. Will also serve as the series name in
      TensorBoard.
    tensor: A real numeric Tensor containing a single value.
    collections: Optional list of graph collections keys. The new summary op is
      added to these collections. Defaults to `[GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]`.
    family: Optional; if provided, used as the prefix of the summary tag name,
      which controls the tab name used for display on Tensorboard.

  Returns:
    A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. Which contains a `Summary` protobuf.

  Raises:
    ValueError: If tensor has the wrong shape or type.
  """

MERGE & RUN

summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all()
summary_write = tf.summary.FileWriter("logs/", sess.graph)

_, summary = sess.run([train_step,summary_op], feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})

写入log文件中

summary_write.add_summary(summary,i)
summary_write.flush()

source code

# coding: utf-8
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data


def weight_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
    return tf.Variable(initial)


def bias_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
    return tf.Variable(initial)


def conv2d(x, W):
    return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')


def max_pool_2x2(x):
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                          strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 读入数据
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True)
    # x为训练图像的占位符、y_为训练图像标签的占位符
    x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
    y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

    # 将单张图片从784维向量重新还原为28x28的矩阵图片
    x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1])

    # 第一层卷积层
    with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope:
        W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
        b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
        h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
        h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)
        tf.summary.histogram('conv1_weight',W_conv1)
        tf.summary.histogram('conv1_bias',b_conv1)

    # 第二层卷积层
    with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope:
        W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
        b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
        h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
        h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)
        tf.summary.histogram('conv2_weight',W_conv2)
        tf.summary.histogram('conv2_bias',b_conv2)

    # 全连接层，输出为1024维的向量
    with tf.variable_scope('fc1') as scope:
        W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
        b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])
        h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7 * 7 * 64])
        h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)

    with tf.variable_scope('fc2') as scope:
        # 使用Dropout，keep_prob是一个占位符，训练时为0.5，测试时为1
        keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
        h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)

        # 把1024维的向量转换成10维，对应10个类别
        W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
        b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])
        y_conv = tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2

    with tf.variable_scope('cross_entropy_loss') as scope:
    # 我们不采用先Softmax再计算交叉熵的方法，而是直接用tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits直接计算
        cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y_conv))
        tf.summary.scalar('cross_entropy_loss', cross_entropy)

    # 同样定义train_step
    train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)

    with tf.variable_scope('test') as scope:
        # 定义测试的准确率
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))

    # 创建Session和变量初始化
    sess = tf.InteractiveSession()

    summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all()
    summary_write = tf.summary.FileWriter("logs/", sess.graph)

    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    tf.reset_default_graph()

    # 训练20000步

    for i in range(20000):
        batch = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
        # 每100步报告一次在验证集上的准确度
        if i % 100 == 0:
            train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
                x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
            print("step %d, training accuracy %g" % (i, train_accuracy))

        _, summary = sess.run([train_step,summary_op], feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})

        summary_write.add_summary(summary,i)
        summary_write.flush()


    # 训练结束后报告在测试集上的准确度
    print("test accuracy %g" % accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
        x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels, keep_prob: 1.0}))