在应用服务器参数自适应调整中使用Model Predictive control的意义

在应用服务器参数自适应调整中使用Model Predictive control的意义


简述

       在自适应系统中,使用模型预测控制进行参数调整的意义主要在于有效处理了系统中可能存在的噪声、干扰等不确定性问题,主要在于两个方面,其一在于其在求解复杂带约束且时间无穷的最优化问题采取的思路能够有效处理不确定性,其二在于利用控制理论中的反馈校正来解决现实系统中可能会发生的较大波动和存在的不确定性的自适应调整,从而增强系统的鲁棒性。


其一

       模型预测控制主要思路如下:在当前时刻,根据目前的状态,结合之前建立的模型、约束以及目标函数求解出n个时间序列内的最优解并将最优解中的第一步作为决策出的调整方案进行实际调整,并在将其应用到实际系统中后采集目前状态重复之前的动作,简而言之就是决策出下一个时间段内的最优解的第一步。而其余的自适应调整算法比如说爬山算法则是根据目前系统的状态进行最优化调整策略的搜索,无法及时处理在当系统中因干扰或不确定性而发生较大变化时的自适应。

其二

       模型预测控制中采取Kalman filtering对预测结果和实际系统的输出进行反馈校正。KF是一种最优化自回归数据处理算法,根据预测结果和实际获得结果的加权平均,这里的加权主要采取计算两者的协方差进行加权,对误差小的项赋予较大的权重,对误差大的项赋予较小的权重,通过不断的迭代实现数据的自然回归,从而能够减小实际系统中必然会存在的不确定性导致的误差。然而KF的方法也存在一定的不足之处,在于使用KF进行反馈校正的一个默认条件为该系统为线性模型,然而实际系统中可能为非线性系统,需要对KF进行一定的拓展,目前有一些其他领域的研究将KF进行优化,可以借鉴一下。

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Model Predictive Control:Theory, Computation, and Design,2nd Edition. James B. Rawlings, David Q. Mayne, Moritz M. Diehl. Chapter 1 is introductory. It is intended for graduate students in engineering who have not yet had a systems course. But it serves a second purpose for those who have already taken the first graduate systems course. It derives all the results of the linear quadratic regulator and optimal Kalman filter using only those arguments that extend to the nonlinear and constrained cases to be covered in the later chapters. Instructors may find that this tailored treatment of the introductory systems material serves both as a review and a preview of arguments to come in the later chapters. Chapters 2-4 are foundational and should probably be covered in any graduate level MPC course. Chapter 2 covers regulation to the origin for nonlinear and constrained systems. This material presents in a unified fashion many of the major research advances in MPC that took place during the last 20 years. It also includes more recent topics such as regulation to an unreachable setpoint that are only now appearing in the research literature. Chapter 3 addresses MPC design for robustness, with a focus on MPC using tubes or bundles of trajectories in place of the single nominal trajectory. This chapter again unifies a large body of research literature concerned with robust MPC. Chapter 4 covers state estimation with an emphasis on moving horizon estimation, but also covers extended and unscented Kalman filtering, and particle filtering. Chapters 5-7 present more specialized topics. Chapter 5 addressesthe special requirements of MPC based on output measurement instead of state measurement. Chapter 6 discusses how to design distributed MPC controllers for large-scale systems that are decomposed into many smaller, interacting subsystems. Chapter 7 covers the explicit optimal control of constrained linear systems. The choice of coverage of these three chapters may vary depending on the instructor's or student's own research interests. Three appendices are included, again, so that the reader is not sent off to search a large research literature for the fundamental arguments used in the text. Appendix A covers the required mathematical background. Appendix B summarizes the results used for stability analysis including the various types of stability and Lyapunov function theory. Since MPC is an optimization-based controller, Appendix C covers the relevant results from optimization theory.

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