8. String to Integer (atoi)

8. String to Integer (atoi)
Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
        long result=0;
        if(str.empty())
            return result;
        bool flag=true;//正负符号位标志 
        int i=0;
        while(i<str.size()&&str[i]==' ')//剔除数字之前的空格
            i++;
        for(int j=i;j<str.size();j++)
        {
            if(j==i)//符号位四种情况下的处理
            {
                if(str[j]=='-')//情况1:'-'
                    flag=false;
                else if(str[j]=='+')//情况2:'+'
                    flag=true;
                else if(str[j]>='0'&&str[j]<='9')//情况3:数字
                {
                    result=result*10+str[j]-'0';
                    flag=true;
                }
                else//情况4：其他错误输入情况，返回0
                    return 0;
                continue;
            }
            if(str[j]>='0'&&str[j]<='9')//当为数字时
            {
                result=result*10+str[j]-'0';
                if(flag&&result>INT_MAX)//如果输入数字越界，则输出边界值
                    return INT_MAX;
                else if(!flag&&(-result<INT_MIN))
                    return INT_MIN;
            }
            else//当非数字时，直接输出之前计算得到结果
            {
                result=flag?result:-result;
                if(flag)
                    return (result>INT_MAX)?INT_MAX:result;
                else
                    return (result<INT_MIN)?INT_MIN:result;
            }
        }
        result=flag?result:-result;//输出最终的结果
        if(flag)
            return (result>INT_MAX)?INT_MAX:result;
        else
            return (result<INT_MIN)?INT_MIN:result;

    }
};