Ø 概念:
在对象之间定义一对多的依赖,这样一来,当一个对象改变时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知,并自动更新。
OO原则:
对象之间松耦合
Ø 要点:
1.观察者模式定义了对象之间一对多的关系。
2.可观察者用一个共同的接口来更新观察者。
3.可观察者和观察者之间用松耦合的方式结合。
4.使用此模式,既可以从可观察者处推(push)数据,也可以从可观察者处拉(pull)数据。推数据的方式更常用。
5.有多个观察者时,通知次序不固定。
6.Java有多种观察者模式的实现,包括java.util.Observable。这个实现有缺陷,违背了“多用组合,少用接口”的原则。如果有必要,可以实现自己的Observable。
Ø UML图:
Ø代码:
public interface Subject {
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyOberver();
}
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
private ArrayList observers;
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
public WeatherData() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
observers = new ArrayList();
}
@Override
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
observers.add(o);
}
@Override
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
if (i >= 0) {
observers.remove(i);
}
}
@Override
public void notifyOberver() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);
observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
}
}
public void mesurementsChanged() {
notifyOberver();
}
public void setMesurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
mesurementsChanged();
}
}
public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
private Subject weatherData;
public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void display() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature + "F degress and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
@Override
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.temperature = temp;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
display();
}
}
public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionDisplay currentConditionDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMesurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
weatherData.setMesurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
weatherData.setMesurements(78, 90, 29.2f);
}
}