nonlocal



在 Python 中，内层函数对外层作用域中的变量仅有只读访问权限！

而 nonlocal 可以使我们自由地操作外层作用域中的变量！

# 1. 内层函数"可以使用"外层作用域中的变量
def outside():
    msg = 'outside'
    def inside():
        print(msg)
    inside()
    print(msg)

>>> outside()
outside
outside

# 2. 内层函数"无法修改"外层变量
def outside():
    msg = 'outside'
    def inside():
        # 无法操作外层变量，这里实际上新建了一个内层局部变量罢了~
        msg = 'inside'
        print(msg)
    inside()
    print(msg)

>>> outside()
inside
outside

# 3. 使用 nonlocal 修改外层变量
def outside():
    msg = 'outside!'
    def inside():
        nonlocal msg
        msg = 'inside!'
        print(msg)
    inside()
    print(msg)

>>> outside()
inside
inside