ZOJ 3868(容斥原理+快速幂)

GCD Expectation

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Time Limit: 4 Seconds       Memory Limit: 262144 KB

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Edward has a set of n integers {a₁, a₂,...,a_n}. He randomly picks a nonempty subset {x₁, x₂,…,x_m} (each nonempty subset has equal probability to be picked), and would like to know the expectation of [gcd(x₁, x₂,…,x_m)]^k.

Note that gcd(x₁, x₂,…,x_m) is the greatest common divisor of {x₁, x₂,…,x_m}.

Input

There are multiple test cases. The first line of input contains an integer T indicating the number of test cases. For each test case:

The first line contains two integers n, k (1 ≤ n, k ≤ 10⁶). The second line contains n integers a₁, a₂,…,a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10⁶).

The sum of values max{a_i} for all the test cases does not exceed 2000000.

Output

For each case, if the expectation is E, output a single integer denotes E · (2ⁿ - 1) modulo 998244353.

Sample Input

1
5 1
1 2 3 4 5

Sample Output

42

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Author:  LIN, Xi
Source:  The 15th Zhejiang University Programming Contest
Submit     Status

题意：给出一个序列，求这个序列子集gcd的k次方和的期望

容斥原理。。。

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const ll mod = 998244353;
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define pb push_back
int cnt[maxn],a[maxn];
ll d[maxn];
ll quick_exp(ll a,int n)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while(n) {
        if(n&1)res = res*a % mod;
        a = a*a % mod;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
int main()
{
        int T;
        scanf("%d",&T);
        while(T--) {
            int n,k;
            scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
            int Mgcd = 1;
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                int x;
                scanf("%d",&x);
                Mgcd = max(Mgcd,x);
                a[i] = x;
            }
            memset(cnt,0,sizeof(cnt[0])*Mgcd+20);
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)cnt[a[i]]++;

            ll ans = 0;
            /*d[i] 表示子集的gcd为i的方案数*/
            for(int i = Mgcd; i > 0; i--) {
                int tot = 0;
                for(int j = i; j <= Mgcd; j+= i)
                {
                    tot += cnt[j];
                    d[i] = (d[i]-d[j])%mod;/*容斥*/
                }
                /*任选一个i的倍数的非空子集有2^tot-1种可能*/
                d[i] = (d[i]+quick_exp(2,tot)-1)%mod;
                d[i] = (d[i]+mod)%mod;
                ans += d[i]*quick_exp(i,k);
                ans %= mod;
            }
            cout<<ans<<endl;
        }
        return 0;
}