1
编写一个C++程序,如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息:
注意,该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外,程序将向下调整成绩,即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A、B或C,所以不必担心D和F之间的空档。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct people{
string first_name;
string last_name;
char grade;
int age;
};
int show_people(struct people p)
{
cout<<"**********************************************\n";
cout<<"Name: "<<p.last_name<<", "<<p.first_name<<"\n";
cout<<"Grade: "<<p.grade<<"\n";
cout<<"Age: "<<p.age<<endl;
return 0;
}
int main()
{
struct people p1;
cout<<"What is your first name? ";
getline(cin, p1.first_name);
cout<<"What is your last name? ";
getline(cin, p1.last_name);
cout<<"What letter grade do you deserve? ";
cin>>p1.grade;
p1.grade = p1.grade + 1;
cout<<"What is your age? ";
cin>>p1.age;
show_people(p1);
return 0;
}
2
修改程序清单4.4,使用C++ string类而不是char数组。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string name, dessert;
cout<<"Enter your name:\n";
getline(cin, name);
cout<<"Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
getline(cin, dessert);
cout<<"I have some delicious "<<dessert;
cout<<" for you, "<<name<<".\n";
return 0;
}
下图为程序运行结果:
3
编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,然后输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显示组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const int Size = 20;
char first_name[Size], last_name[Size], name[2*Size];
cout<<"Enter your first name: ";
cin.getline(first_name, Size);
cout<<"Enter your last name: ";
cin.getline(last_name, Size);
strcpy(name, last_name);
strcat(name, ", ");
strcat(name, first_name);
cout<<"Here's the information in a single string: "<<name<<endl;
return 0;
}
4
编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,再输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显示组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string first_name, last_name, name;
cout<<"Enter your first name: ";
getline(cin, first_name);
cout<<"Enter your last name: ";
getline(cin, last_name);
name = first_name + ", " + last_name;
cout<<"Here's the information in a single string: "<<name<<endl;
return 0;
}
5
结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌;第二个成员存储糖块的重量(可以有小数);第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量(整数)。请编写一个程序,声明这个结构,创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量,并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后,程序显示snack变量的内容。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar{
string brand;
double weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
CandyBar snack = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};
cout<<"Brand: "<<snack.brand<<endl;
cout<<"Weight: "<<snack.weight<<endl;
cout<<"Calorite: "<<snack.calorie<<endl;
return 0;
}
6
结构CandyBar包含3个成员,如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序,创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组,并将它们初始化为所选择的值,然后显示每个结构的内容。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar{
string brand;
double weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
CandyBar snack[3] = {
{"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350},
{"Coca Cola", 1.4, 420},
{"Green Arrow", 2.7, 260}
};
int i;
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{
cout<<"\nsnack["<<i+1<<"]:\n";
cout<<"Brand: "<<snack[i].brand<<endl;
cout<<"Weight: "<<snack[i].weight<<endl;
cout<<"Calorite: "<<snack[i].calorie<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
7
William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼,他都需要记录下列信息:
- 披萨饼公司的名称,可以有多个单词组成。
- 披萨饼的直径。
- 披萨饼的重量。
设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息,然后显示这些信息。请使用cin(或它的方法)和cout。
#include <iostream>
const int Size = 50;
struct pizza{
char name[Size];
double diameter;
double weight;
};
int main()
{
using namespace std;
pizza p1;
cout<<"Please input the name of pizza company: ";
cin.getline(p1.name, Size);
cout<<"Please input the diameter of pizza: ";
cin>>p1.diameter;
cout<<"Please input the weight of pizza: ";
cin>>p1.weight;
cout<<"Company: "<<p1.name<<"\n";
cout<<"Diameter: "<<p1.diameter<<"\n";
cout<<"Weight: "<<p1.weight<<"\n";
return 0;
}
以下为程序运行结果:
8
完成编程练习7,但使用new来为结构分配内存,而不是声明一个结构变量。另外,让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼的直径。
#include <iostream>
const int Size = 50;
struct pizza{
char name[Size];
double diameter;
double weight;
};
int main()
{
using namespace std;
pizza *p1 = new pizza;
cout<<"Please input the diameter of pizza: ";
cin>>p1->diameter;
cin.get();
cout<<"Please input the name of pizza company: ";
cin.getline(p1->name, Size);
cout<<"Please input the weight of pizza: ";
cin>>p1->weight;
cout<<"Company: "<<p1->name<<"\n";
cout<<"Diameter: "<<p1->diameter<<"\n";
cout<<"Weight: "<<p1->weight<<"\n";
delete p1;
return 0;
}
以下为程序运行结果:
9
完成编程练习6,但使用new来动态分配数组,而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar{
string brand;
double weight;
int calorie;
};
int main()
{
CandyBar *snack = new CandyBar[3];
snack[0].brand = "Mocha Munch";
snack[0].weight = 2.3;
snack[0].calorie = 350;
snack[1].brand = "Caca Cola";
snack[1].weight = 1.4;
snack[1].calorie = 420;
snack[2].brand = "Green Arrow";
snack[2].weight = 2.7;
snack[2].calorie = 260;
int i;
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{
cout<<"\nsnack["<<i+1<<"]:\n";
cout<<"Brand: "<<snack[i].brand<<endl;
cout<<"Weight: "<<snack[i].weight<<endl;
cout<<"Calorite: "<<snack[i].calorie<<endl;
}
delete [] snack;
return 0;
}
以下为程序运行结果:
10
编写一个程序,让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩(如果您愿意,也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩),并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据(如果编译器不支持array类,请使用数组)。
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
array<double, 3> time;
int i;
double average, sum = 0;
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{
cout<<"Please input No."<<i+1<<" time: ";
cin>>time[i];
sum = sum + time[i];
}
average = sum / 3;
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{
cout<<"Time "<<i+1<<": "<<time[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"Average = "<<average<<endl;
return 0;
}
以下为程序运行结果: