Spring中Bean的基本用法

本文详细介绍了Spring框架中Bean的多种配置方式,包括Bean的引用、本地引用、属性值注入、集合注入、特殊类型Bean的配置、占位符配置、继承性配置等,并讲解了依赖检查规则及Bean的初始化和销毁方法。
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1.引用Bean

<ref bean="someBean"/>

如:

	<bean id="A" class="com.B">
		<property name="C" >
			<ref bean="C1"/>
		</property>
	</bean>


2.需指定必定是同个XML下的Bean时,用

<ref local="someBean"/>

3.属性值的注入

	<bean id="AAA" class="com.BB">
		<property name="name">
			<value>XXX</value>
		</property>
		<property name="type">
			<value>txt</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
//或者
	<bean id="AAA" class="com.BB">
		<property name="name" value="XXX" />
		<property name="type" value="txt" />
	</bean>


使用P模型

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
<bean id="AAA" class="com.BB" p:name="XXX" p:type="txt" />

这样更加简便

4.引入多个XML文件

通过包含关系

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<import resource="common/Spring-Common.xml"/>
        <import resource="connection/Spring-Connection.xml"/>
        <import resource="moduleA/Spring-ModuleA.xml"/>
	
</beans>

指定目录,参考是class根目录

	ApplicationContext context = 
    	new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-Common.xml",
              "Spring-Connection.xml","Spring-ModuleA.xml"});

5.内嵌Bean时

	<bean id="XXX" class="com.AAA">
		<property name="person">
			<bean class="com.BB">
				<property name="name" value="YY" />
				<property name="age" value="22" />
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>

指的是在AAA类中,有个person属性的Persion类,我们使用set的方式注入一个新建的Persion的Bean对象,我们也可以用构造器的方式注入

	<bean id="XXX" class="com.AAA">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="com.Person">
				<property name="name" value="mkyong" />
				<property name="age" value="28" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

注意的是不要在Person的单独bean对象中注入persion的属性,而是通过上面的方式创建一个临时bean注入XXXbean中

6.bean的scope设置
5种配置

singleton 	始终返回一个单一的Bean对象
prototype 	每次都返回一个新的bean对象
request 	         通过HTTP request.请求返回单一的bean
session 	         通过HTTP session.请求返回单一的bean
globalSession     通过全局HTTP session.请求返回单一的bean

3.0时默认配置是singleton
设置时只要在bean的属性里设置,例如设置prototype

scope="prototype"

或者通过Anno注解

@Scope("prototype")

7.集合

主要是这几种,举例

这里是泛泰指定的时候,如List<Object> list属性

List 		– 	<list/>
Set 		– 	<set/>
Map 		– 	<map/>
Properties 	– 	<props/>
	<property name="lists">
		<list>
			<value>1</value>
			<ref bean="PersonBean" />
			<bean class="com.Person">
				<property name="name" value="mkyongList" />
				<property name="age" value="33" />
			</bean>
		</list>
	</property>
	<property name="sets">
		<set>
			<value>1</value>
			<ref bean="PersonBean" />
			<bean class="com.Person">
				<property name="name" value="mkyongSet" />
				<property name="age" value="28" />
			</bean>
		</set>
	</property>
	<property name="maps">
		<map>
			<entry key="Key 1" value="1" />
			<entry key="Key 2" value-ref="PersonBean" />
			<entry key="Key 3">
				<bean class="com.Person">
					<property name="name" value="mkyongMap" />
					<property name="age" value="28" />
				</bean>
			</entry>
		</map>
	</property
	<property name="pros">
		<props>
			<prop key="admin">admin@nospam.com</prop>
			<prop key="support">support@nospam.com</prop>
		</props>
	</property>>

8.集合(工厂模式)

上面我们是指定List等的类型类的类型,如果不制定的话,让我们装配一个全新的集合

private List lists;
	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.Customer">
		<property name="lists">
			<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ListFactoryBean">
				<property name="targetListClass">
					<value>java.util.ArrayList</value>
				</property>
				<property name="sourceList">
					<list>
						<value>1</value>
						<value>2</value>
						<value>3</value>
					</list>
				</property>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>

我们通过
targetListClass指定list的类型类的类型

让后开始填充值

或者通过

xmlns:util=<a target=_blank href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util">http://www.springframework.org/schema/util</a>

便签

	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.Customer">
		<property name="lists">
			<util:list list-class="java.util.ArrayList">
				<value>1</value>
				<value>2</value>
				<value>3</value>
			</util:list>
		</property>
	</bean>


还有其他集合

Set

	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.Customer">
		<property name="sets">
			<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.SetFactoryBean">
				<property name="targetSetClass">
					<value>java.util.HashSet</value>
				</property>
				<property name="sourceSet">
					<list>
						<value>1</value>
						<value>2</value>
						<value>3</value>
					</list>
				</property>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
		<property name="sets">
			<util:set set-class="java.util.HashSet">
				<value>1</value>
				<value>2</value>
				<value>3</value>
			</util:set>
		</property>
	</bean>


Map

	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.Customer">
		<property name="maps">
			<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MapFactoryBean">
				<property name="targetMapClass">
					<value>java.util.HashMap</value>
				</property>
				<property name="sourceMap">
					<map>
						<entry key="Key1" value="1" />
						<entry key="Key2" value="2" />
						<entry key="Key3" value="3" />
					</map>
				</property>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.Customer">
		<property name="maps">
			<util:map map-class="java.util.HashMap">
				<entry key="Key1" value="1" />
				<entry key="Key2" value="2" />
				<entry key="Key3" value="3" />
			</util:map>
		</property>
	</bean>


9.特殊的注入Data的bean

通过两种方式

 

"工厂模式"

	Date date;
	<bean id="dateFormat" class="java.text.SimpleDateFormat">
		<constructor-arg value="yyyy-MM-dd" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="customer" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
		<property name="date">
			<bean factory-bean="dateFormat" factory-method="parse">
				<constructor-arg value="2010-01-31" />
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>

通过

CustomDateEditor
	<bean id="dateEditor"
		class="org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor">

		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="java.text.SimpleDateFormat">
				<constructor-arg value="yyyy-MM-dd" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="true" />

	</bean>

	<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer">
		<property name="customEditors">
			<map>
				<entry key="java.util.Date">
					<ref local="dateEditor" />
				</entry>
			</map>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="customer" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
		<property name="date" value="2010-02-31" />
	</bean>


10.通过占位符配置一些属性

常用于数据库等常修改属性的Bean

新建properties文件

如配置数据的属性(都是放在class的根目录里的)

database.properties

	jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mkyongjava
	jdbc.username=root
	jdbc.password=password

引入

	<bean  class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">

		<property name="location">
			<value>database.properties</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

使用

	<bean id="dataSource"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>


11.继承性,就是利用之前配置的Bean再进行配置

	<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
		<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="CustomerBean" parent="BaseCustomerMalaysia">
		<property name="action" value="buy" />
		<property name="type" value="1" />
	</bean>

如果禁止继承,可以在bean进行限制abstract="true"

<bean id="BaseCustomerMalaysia" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer" abstract="true">
		<property name="country" value="Malaysia" />
	</bean>

12.注入的检测

有时我们要让一个bean的属性全部被注入才可以使用,默认的情况下时none

有这些检测规则

none           –  No dependency checking.
simple        –  If any properties of primitive type (int, long,double…) and collection types (map, list..) have not been set, UnsatisfiedDependencyException will be thrown.
objects       –  If any properties of object type have not been set, UnsatisfiedDependencyException will be thrown.
all                –  If any properties of any type have not been set, an UnsatisfiedDependencyException will be thrown.

public class Customer 
{
	private Person person;
	private int type;
	private String action;

	//getter and setter methods
}
	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer" 
         dependency-check="simple">

		<property name="person" ref="PersonBean" />
		<property name="action" value="buy" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="PersonBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Person">
		<property name="name" value="mkyong" />
		<property name="address" value="address ABC" />
		<property name="age" value="29" />
	</bean>


由于Customer Bean的type属性没有装配所以会失败

而objects规则是检验Object(非简单类型)对象是否被配置

	<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer" 
         dependency-check="objects">

		<property name="action" value="buy" />
		<property name="type" value="1" />
	</bean>


没有装配private Person person;同样会出错

为了简便你也可以全局配置

举例配置default-dependency-check="all"规则

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd" 
	default-dependency-check="all">

13.对于上面的检测规则是应用与整个对象的,如果我们需要对某个属性进行Check

	@Required
	public void setPerson(Person person) {
		this.person = person;
	}

这需要注册RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

这样就饿可以

RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor <beans 
	...
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	...
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
	...
	<context:annotation-config />
	...
</beans>

14.设置bean的init-method and destroy-method回调

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<bean id="customerService" class="com.mkyong.customer.services.CustomerService" 
		init-method="initIt" destroy-method="cleanUp">
   		
		<property name="message" value="i'm property message" />
	</bean>
		
</beans>
public class CustomerService
{
	String message;
	
	public String getMessage() {
	  return message;
	}

	public void setMessage(String message) {
	  this.message = message;
	}
	
	public void initIt() throws Exception {
	  System.out.println("Init method after properties are set : " + message);
	}
	
	public void cleanUp() throws Exception {
	  System.out.println("Spring Container is destroy! Customer clean up");
	}
	
}



或者注解的方式

	@PostConstruct
	public void initIt() throws Exception {
	  System.out.println("Init method after properties are set : " + message);
	}
	
	@PreDestroy
	public void cleanUp() throws Exception {
	  System.out.println("Spring Container is destroy! Customer clean up");
	}


By default, Spring will not aware of the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotation. To enable it, you have to either register ‘CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor‘ or specify the ‘<context:annotation-config />‘ in bean configuration file

 

1. CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<bean class="org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />

	<bean id="customerService" class="com.mkyong.customer.services.CustomerService">
		<property name="message" value="i'm property message" />
	</bean>
		
</beans>


2. <context:annotation-config />

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">

	<context:annotation-config />

	<bean id="customerService" class="com.mkyong.customer.services.CustomerService">
		<property name="message" value="i'm property message" />
	</bean>
		
</beans>


 










 









 

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