Python中的URL模式

URL模式是指在Django urls模块中，名为urlpatterns的元组中包含的每一个值。通常由patterns方法生成urlpatterns元组的内容。

每个URL模式都需要指定如下几个内容：

一个正则表达式字符串。
一个可调用对象，通常为一个视图函数或一个指定视图函数路径的字符串。
可选的要传递给视图函数的默认参数（字典形式）。
一个可选的name参数。
路径前缀，加在视图函数路径字符串的前面组成完整的视图函数路径。可以通过patterns方法的第一个参数指定。

大概如下：

urlpatterns = patterns(前缀,
    (正则表达式, 视图函数, 参数字典, 名称),
)

类django.core.urlresolvers.RegexURLPattern用来表示Django URL模式

class RegexURLPattern(object):
    def __init__(self, regex, callback, default_args=None, name=None):
        # regex is a string representing a regular expression.
        # callback is either a string like 'foo.views.news.stories.story_detail'
        # which represents the path to a module and a view function name, or a
        # callable object (view).
        self.regex = re.compile(regex, re.UNICODE)
        if callable(callback):
            self._callback = callback
        else:
            self._callback = None
            self._callback_str = callback
        self.default_args = default_args or {}
        self.name = name

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.regex.pattern)

    def add_prefix(self, prefix):
        """
        Adds the prefix string to a string-based callback.
        """
        if not prefix or not hasattr(self, '_callback_str'):
            return
        self._callback_str = prefix + '.' + self._callback_str

    def resolve(self, path):
        match = self.regex.search(path)
        if match:
            # If there are any named groups, use those as kwargs, ignoring
            # non-named groups. Otherwise, pass all non-named arguments as
            # positional arguments.
            kwargs = match.groupdict()
            if kwargs:
                args = ()
            else:
                args = match.groups()
            # In both cases, pass any extra_kwargs as **kwargs.
            kwargs.update(self.default_args)

            return ResolverMatch(self.callback, args, kwargs, self.name)

    def _get_callback(self):
        if self._callback is not None:
            return self._callback
        try:
            self._callback = get_callable(self._callback_str)
        except ImportError, e:
            mod_name, _ = get_mod_func(self._callback_str)
            raise ViewDoesNotExist("Could not import %s. Error was: %s" % (mod_name, str(e)))
        except AttributeError, e:
            mod_name, func_name = get_mod_func(self._callback_str)
            raise ViewDoesNotExist("Tried %s in module %s. Error was: %s" % (func_name, mod_name, str(e)))
        return self._callback
    callback = property(_get_callback)