Python根据数值大小随机返回一个key，并保证返回这个key的概率和它所对应的value成正比

题目：def randomSymbol(symbolAndWeight):
”’
Input: symbolAndWeight is a dict of { str: int },
for example, {
‘a’: 2,
‘b’: 3,
‘c’: 5,
}

Returns:
随机返回symbolAndWeight中的一个key，并保证返回这个key的概率和它所对应的value成正比

解答：

#coding:utf-8
import random

class t():
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def loadData(self):
        testData = {'a': '2', 'b': '3', 'c': '5'}
        return testData


    def randomSymbolol_1(self):
        testData = self.loadData()
        new_data = {v: k for k, v in testData.items()}
        keys = new_data.keys()
        list = []
        for key in keys:
            for i in range(int(key)):
                list.append(new_data[key])
        index = random.randint(0,len(list)-1)
        return list[index]


    def randomSymbolol_2(self):
        testData = self.loadData()
        new_data = {v: k for k, v in testData.items()}
        keys = new_data.keys()
        keySum = 0
        for key in keys:
            keySum += int(key)
        ran = random.randint(0, keySum-1)
        sumtmp = 0
        N = len(keys)
        for i in range(N):
            sumtmp += int(keys[i])
            if sumtmp > ran:
                a = i
                return a
        return -1


t = t()
i = 0
a_total1 = 0
b_total1 = 0
c_total1 = 0
while i < 10000:
    temp =  t.randomSymbolol_2()
    if temp == 1:
        a_total1 += 1
    elif temp == 0:
        b_total1 += 1
    else:
        c_total1 += 1
    i += 1
print "result of method 1:"
print "a:", a_total1/float(10000)
print "b:", b_total1/float(10000)
print "c:", c_total1/float(10000)

a_total2 = 0
b_total2 = 0
c_total2 = 0
j = 0
while j < 10000:
    temp = t.randomSymbolol_1()
    if temp == 'a':
        a_total2 += 1
    elif temp == 'b':
        b_total2 += 1
    else:
        c_total2 += 1
    j += 1
print "result of method 2:"
print "a:", a_total2/float(10000)
print "b:", b_total2/float(10000)
print "c:", c_total2/float(10000)

参考链接：http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=404069&do=blog&id=335920