ubuntu22.04编译安装使用gstreamer指南

环境准备

ubuntu发行版22.04，该发行版内置Gstreamer1.20.1，gstreamer源码最新版本为1.20.3，差距不大

下载gstreamer源码

下载gstreamer源码

安装git

sudo apt install -y git
fuqiang@fuqiang-VivoBook:~/Workspace/gstreamer$ git --version
git version 2.34.1

下载gstreamer

git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer.git
git checkout --track -b 1.20 origin/1.20        --->1.20是目前最新版本的稳定分支，最新的小版本号为1.20.3

准备编译环境

安装meson

gstreamer1.60以后（不包含1.60），使用meson+ninja来构建

sudo apt install -y meson
fuqiang@fuqiang-VivoBook:~/Workspace/gstreamer$ meson --version
0.61.2

安装glib

gstreamer是基于glib-gobject来实现的

sudo apt install -y libglib2.0-dev

安装libsoup

sudo apt install -y libsoup2.4-dev

安装libunwind

1.下载包，http://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/libunwind/
2. ./configure
3.make
4.sudo make install

安装libdw

sudo apt install -y libdw-dev

安装g-ir-scanner

系统中搜索g-ir-scanner，然后将其copy到/usr/lib/下，给予执行权限

安装gobject-introspection-1.0

sudo apt-get install -y libgirepository1.0-dev

安装gtk+-3.0

sudo apt-get install -y libgtk-3-dev

安装hotdoc

sudo apt-get install -y libjson-glib-devsudo apt install -y cmake python3-pip
sudo pip3 install hotdoc

安装xgettext

系统中搜索xgettext，复制到/usr/bin/下，并给予执行权限

安装alsa

sudo apt-get install -y libasound2-dev

安装cdda_paranoia

sudo apt install -y cdparanoia

还不行将cdparanoia先注释掉

安装libvisual-0.4

sudo apt install libvisual-0.4-dev

安装xv

打开终端输入 sudo snap install xv --edge，如果不能正常安装则按照提示输入 sudo snap install xv --edge --devmode即可安装成功

安装SDL2

sudo apt-get install -y libsdl2-2.0 libsdl2-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-image-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev  libsdl2-gfx-dev

安装qt5

sudo apt-get install -y clang qtbase5-dev qtchooser qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools qtcreator
sudo apt-get install -y qt5*

安装bz2

sudo apt install -y libbz2-dev

安装nasm/yasm

sudo apt install -y nasm yasm

安装gettext

sudo apt-get install -y gettext

编译安装

创建out目录

cd gstreamer
mkdir out

编译

meson out
cd out
ninja
sudo ninja install

带参数编译示例

meson --reconfigure -Dauto_features=enabled -Dgst-plugins-base:opus=disabled -Dgst-plugins-base:ogg=disabled out

异常处理

异常1

subprojects/gstreamer/gst/parse/meson.build:7:0: ERROR: Program 'flex win_flex' not found or not executable

解决方案：

sudo apt install -y flex

异常2

subprojects/gstreamer/gst/parse/meson.build:34:0: ERROR: Program 'bison win_bison' not found or not executable

解决方案：

sudo apt install -y bison

异常3

fuqiang@fuqiang-VivoBook:~/Workspace/gstreamer/gstreamer/out$ninja
ninja: error: 'subprojects/gst-plugins-bad/gst-libs/gst/transcoder/transcoder-enumtypes.h', needed by 'subprojects/gst-devtools/validate/tools/gst-validate-transcoding-1.0.p/gst-validate-transcoding.c.o', missing and no known rule to make it

解决方案：

meson --reconfigure

异常4

fuqiang@ubuntu:~/workspace/gstreamer$ meson out

The Meson build system

Source dir: /home/fuqiang/workspace/gstreamer

Build dir: /home/fuqiang/workspace/gstreamer/out

Build type: native build

meson.build:81:15: ERROR: lexer

     ['gstreamer', {'build-hotdoc': true}],

解决方案：更新meson版本，ubuntu18.04会出现这个问题，原因是其meson版本过低，使用pip3来安装meson

sudo pip3 install meson

如果版本还是低的话，可能/usr/bin有原始的meson，/usr/local/bin中是新安装的meson，将/usr/local/bin下面的copy到/usr/bin下面即可

异常5

msgfmt: command not found

解决方案：

sudo apt-get -y install gettext

测试命令

基本虚拟测试

    gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! autovideosink

    gst-launch-1.0 -v videotestsrc pattern=ball name=left ! autovideosink
    gst-launch-1.0 audiotestsrc ! autoaudiosink

黑洞fakesink

gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! fakesink

音频播放

gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/音乐/audio.mp3' ! decodebin ! audioconvert ! audioresample ! autoaudiosink

视频播放

gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/视频/1080P.mov' ! decodebin ! autovideosink

分离MP4的音视频并分别播放

    gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/视频/1080P.mov' ! qtdemux name=demux demux.audio_0 ! queue ! decodebin ! audioconvert ! audioresample ! autoaudiosink demux.video_0 ! queue ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! videoscale ! autovideosink

    gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/视频/1080P.mov'  ! qtdemux name=demux demux.video_0 ! queue ! decodebin ! videoconvert ! videoscale ! autovideosink

视频播放并设置videobox

gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/视频/1080P.mov' ! qtdemux name=demux demux.video_0 ! decodebin ! videoscale ! video/x-raw,width=100,height=100 ! videobox border-alpha=0 top=-70 bottom=-70 right=-220 ! videoconvert ! autovideosink

摄像头采集播放(编码输出文件)

gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src ! videoconvert ! autovideosink

gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! filesink location='/home/fuqiang/视频/xx.mp4'

gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720 ! videoconvert ! openh264enc ! h264parse ! flvmux ! filesink location=aaa.flv

采集音频到文件

gst-launch-1.0 alsasrc ! audioresample ! audioconvert ! wavenc ! filesink location=/home/fuqiang/Videos/xx.wav

mp3转码ogg

gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location='/home/fuqiang/音乐/audio.mp3' ! decodebin ! audioconvert ! vorbisenc ! oggmux ! filesink location='/home/fuqiang/音乐/audio.ogg'

timeoverlay

gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! timeoverlay ! xvimagesink