总结几处用到延迟初始化的地方，持续更新中

延迟初始化是提高性能的一种思想，下面总结出java中延迟初始化的地方：

1. AQS底层是一个CLH队列，维护一个带有head,tail节点的双向链表。其中head和tail的初始化都是lazy initialized。

/**
     * Head of the wait queue, lazily initialized.  Except for
     * initialization, it is modified only via method setHead.  Note:
     * If head exists, its waitStatus is guaranteed not to be
     * CANCELLED.
     */
    private transient volatile Node head;

    /**
     * Tail of the wait queue, lazily initialized.  Modified only via
     * method enq to add new wait node.
     */
    private transient volatile Node tail;


 /**
     * Sets head of queue to be node, thus dequeuing. Called only by
     * acquire methods.  Also nulls out unused fields for sake of GC
     * and to suppress unnecessary signals and traversals.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void setHead(Node node) {
        head = node;
        node.thread = null;
        node.prev = null;
    }


 /**
     * Inserts node into queue, initializing if necessary. See picture above.
     * @param node the node to insert
     * @return node's predecessor
     */
    private Node enq(final Node node) {
        for (;;) {
            Node t = tail;
            if (t == null) { // Must initialize
                if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                    tail = head;
            } else {
                node.prev = t;
                if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
                    t.next = node;
                    return t;
                }
            }
        }
    }

2. 线程中的ThreadLocalMap也是延迟加载，只有在第一次调用get后者set方法的时候才会初始化：

    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }
    
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
 
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

3. Spring中的bean可以设置为懒加载