epoll的介绍详细请看 man epoll,
或者https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/epoll.7.html
或者有人翻译过了 https://www.jianshu.com/p/ee381d365a29
自己写了个例子测试, 建立两个fifo, 然后传入给epoll, 向fifo中写入字符串。
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_EVENTS 10
#define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} while (0)
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// 解析终端输入
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file...\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int nfds, num_open_fds;
num_open_fds = nfds = argc - 1;
int fds[num_open_fds];
printf("size of fds = %lu, num_open_fds = %d\n", sizeof(fds), num_open_fds);
memset(fds, 0, sizeof(fds));
for (int j = 0; j < nfds; j++) {
fds[j] = open(argv[j + 1], O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK);
if (fds[j] == -1)
errExit("open");
printf("Opened \"%s\" on fd %d\n", argv[j + 1], fds[j]);
}
// epoll 监听事件
struct epoll_event ev[MAX_EVENTS], events[MAX_EVENTS];
int epollfd = epoll_create1(0);
if (epollfd == -1) {
perror("epoll_create1");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (int j = 0; j < nfds; j++) {
ev[j].events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLET;
ev[j].data.fd = fds[j];
if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fds[j], &ev[j]) == -1) {
perror("epoll_ctl: listen_sock");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
while (num_open_fds > 0) {
nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
if (nfds == -1) {
perror("epoll_wait");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
printf("nfds = %d\n", nfds);
}
for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
if ( events[n].events & EPOLLERR || events[n].events & EPOLLHUP || (! events[n].events & EPOLLIN)) {
printf("Epoll has error events = %d\n", events[n].events);
close (events[n].data.fd);
continue;
}
// 读取Input字符串
char buf[100];
ssize_t s = read(events[n].data.fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (s == -1)
errExit("read");
printf(" read %zd bytes: %.*s\n",
s, (int) s, buf);
}
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
编译运行
#编译
gcc ./test_epoll.c -o test_epoll -std=c11
#建立fifo
mkfifo myfifo1 myfifo2
#向fifo写入字符aa
echo "aa" >> myfifo1
#运行
./test_epoll myfifo1 myfifo2
size of fds = 8, num_open_fds = 2
Opened "myfifo1" on fd 3
Opened "myfifo2" on fd 4
nfds = 1
read 3 bytes: aa
nfds = 1
Epoll has error events = 16
可见,在myfifo1接收到写入后,epoll会返回,并返回myfifo1的fd,然后read读取完成后,epoll还会收到EPOLLHUP(即错误打印16)的挂起事件,然后一次loop结束后,再次block。
错误定义如下图所示,参照链接 https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/epoll.7.html。
EPOLLHUP = 0x010,
#define EPOLLHUP EPOLLHUP