Flutter应用——生命周期管理 Lifecycle Management

Flutter应用中，有时候我们需要监听整个app的不同声明周期状态，然后做出相应的逻辑处理。
Flutter中的生命周期状态在window.dart 中有定义

enum AppLifecycleState {
  /// The application is visible and responding to user input.
  resumed,

  /// The application is in an inactive state and is not receiving user input.
  ///
  /// On iOS, this state corresponds to an app or the Flutter host view running
  /// in the foreground inactive state. Apps transition to this state when in
  /// a phone call, responding to a TouchID request, when entering the app
  /// switcher or the control center, or when the UIViewController hosting the
  /// Flutter app is transitioning.
  ///
  /// On Android, this corresponds to an app or the Flutter host view running
  /// in the foreground inactive state.  Apps transition to this state when
  /// another activity is focused, such as a split-screen app, a phone call,
  /// a picture-in-picture app, a system dialog, or another window.
  ///
  /// Apps in this state should assume that they may be [paused] at any time.
  inactive,

  /// The application is not currently visible to the user, not responding to
  /// user input, and running in the background.
  ///
  /// When the application is in this state, the engine will not call the
  /// [Window.onBeginFrame] and [Window.onDrawFrame] callbacks.
  ///
  /// Android apps in this state should assume that they may enter the
  /// [suspending] state at any time.
  paused,

  /// The application will be suspended momentarily.
  ///
  /// When the application is in this state, the engine will not call the
  /// [Window.onBeginFrame] and [Window.onDrawFrame] callbacks.
  ///
  /// On iOS, this state is currently unused.
  suspending,
}

由以上源码可知，app一共有四种状态：

• resumed app当前可见，并且能响应用户的输入
• inactive app当前在前台，但是不可响应用户的输入，即失去焦点
• paused app当前在后台，不可响应用户的输入
• suspending app当前处于短暂的暂停状态

---

Lifecycle Management步骤

1. 自定义一个LifeCycleManager

class LifeCycleManager extends StatefulWidget {
  final Widget child;
  LifeCycleManager({Key key, this.child}) : super(key: key);

  _LifeCycleManagerState createState() => _LifeCycleManagerState();
}

class _LifeCycleManagerState extends State<LifeCycleManager>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver {
  @override
  void initState() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    print('state = $state');
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
      child: widget.child,
    );
  }
}

2. 包装MaterialApp

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return LifeCycleManager(
      child: MaterialApp(
        title: 'Flutter Demo',
        home: HomeView(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

3. 制定一个可以暂停的Service基类，并添加判断当前Service服务是否关闭的方法

abstract class StoppableService {
  bool _serviceStoped = false;
  bool get serviceStopped => _serviceStoped;

  @mustCallSuper
  void stop() {
    _serviceStoped = true;
  }

  @mustCallSuper
  void start() {
    _serviceStoped = false;
  }
}

4. 添加StoppableService的子类，比如有一个定位服务和一个在后台获取数据的service

class LocationService extends StoppableService {
  @override
  void start() {
    super.start();
    print('LocationService Started $serviceStopped');
  }

  @override
  void stop() {
    super.stop();
    print('LocationService Stopped $serviceStopped');
  }
}

class BackgroundFetchService extends StoppableService {
  @override
  void start() {
    super.start();

    // Start listeneing
    print('BackgroundFetchService Started $serviceStopped');
  }

  @override
  void stop() {
    super.stop();

    // stop listening
    print('BackgroundFetchService Stopped $serviceStopped');
  }
}

5. 使用get_it来注册，关于get_it，我们在前文中介绍过 Flutter中的依赖注入——get_it

GetIt locator = GetIt.instance;

void setupLocator() {
  locator.registerLazySingleton(() => LocationService());
  locator.registerLazySingleton(() => BackgroundFetchService());
}

6. 在LifeCycleManager的state对象中，管理所有的StoppableService，在相应的生命周期事件发生时，调用Service的相关方法

class _LifeCycleManagerState extends State<LifeCycleManager>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver {
  List<StoppableService> servicesToManage = [
    locator<LocationService>(),
    locator<BackgroundFetchService>(),
  ];

  // Get all services

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return widget.child;
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    super.dispose();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
  }

  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    super.didChangeAppLifecycleState(state);
    print("--" + state.toString());
    servicesToManage.forEach((service) {
      if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
        service.start();
      } else {
        service.stop();
      }
    });
  }
}

搞定！

参考：Flutter Application Life cycle Management