网易游戏2016校园招聘“游戏研发&平台开发”在线笔试——C题 Complicated Expression

注意，lz并没有参加在线笔试，只是拿来练习一下，由于在hihocoder上并不能提交，只能用样例测试，所以不保证答案完全正确

题目：http://hihocoder.com/contest/ntest2015septdev/problem/3

分析：模拟题，不过可以通过【宏定义】+【异常处理】来简化代码，风格有点pythonic，感觉还是比较优雅的

#include <cstdio>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#define MAX_LEN 1000005
typedef long long LL;

const int kBracketMismatch = -1;
const int kOperatorMissing = -2;
const int kOperatorMismatch = -3;
const int kError = -4;

char* SkipSpaces(char* exp) throw()
{
	for(; isspace(*exp); ++exp) ;
	return exp;
}
char* ParseOperand(char* exp, LL& ret) throw()	//exp points to the first digit of the operand
{
	LL res = 0;
	char *p = exp, c;
	for(; isdigit(c = *p); ++p){
		res = res * 10 + c - '0';
	}
	ret = res;
	return p;
}
char* ExpectChar(char* exp, char ch) throw(int)
{
	exp = SkipSpaces(exp);
	if(*exp != ch){
		// printf("expect %02X, but get %02X\n", ch, *exp);
		if(ch == '(' || ch == ')') throw kBracketMismatch;
		throw kError;
	}
	return exp;
}
char* ExpectOperator(char* exp) throw(int)
{
	exp = SkipSpaces(exp);
	char c = *exp;
	if(c != '+' && c != '-' && c != '*'){
		if(c == '(' || c == ')') throw kBracketMismatch;
		throw kOperatorMissing;
	}
	return exp;
}

/*
 * @exp: pointer of the first char after '+-*' 
 * @ret: where to store the expression result
 * @return: beyond end of the expression, which points the first char after ')'
 */
char* EvalAdd(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int);
char* EvalSub(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int);
char* EvalMul(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int);

/*
 * @exp: pointer of the expression, may point to leading spaces or '(' 
 * @ret: where to store the expression result
 * @return: beyond end of the expression, which points the first char after ')'
 */
char* Eval(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int)
{
	// char* old = exp;
	LL res = 0;
	//expression should start with '('
	char* p = ExpectChar(exp, '(');
	//operator should follow '('
	p = ExpectOperator(p+1);
	char op = *p++;
	//evaluate
	if(op == '+') p = EvalAdd(p, res);
	else if(op == '-') p = EvalSub(p, res);
	else p = EvalMul(p, res);
	//store result
	ret = res;
	// printf("[%s] = %d\n", old, int(ret));
	return p;
}

//template define
#define ImplementEvalMethod(Name, InitValue, Op, ErrorCond) \
char* Eval##Name(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int) \
{ \
	LL res = InitValue, operand; \
	int cnt = 0; \
	while(true){ \
		exp = SkipSpaces(exp); \
		char c = *exp; \
		if(c == '(') exp = Eval(exp, operand); \
		else if(isdigit(c)) exp = ParseOperand(exp, operand); \
		else if(c == ')'){ \
			++exp; \
			break; \
		} \
		else throw kError; \
		res Op operand; \
		++cnt; \
	} \
	if(ErrorCond) throw kOperatorMismatch; \
	ret = res; \
	return exp; \
}
//implementations, add ';' to make it looks magic
ImplementEvalMethod(Add, 0, +=, cnt < 1);
ImplementEvalMethod(Mul, 1, *=, cnt < 2);

char* EvalSub(char* exp, LL& ret) throw(int)
{
	LL res = 0, operand;
	int cnt = 0;
	while(true){
		exp = SkipSpaces(exp);
		char c = *exp;
		if(c == '(') exp = Eval(exp, operand);
		else if(isdigit(c)) exp = ParseOperand(exp, operand);
		else if(c == ')'){
			++exp;
			break;
		}
		else throw kError;
		if(++cnt) res = operand;
		else res -= operand;
	}
	if(cnt != 1 && cnt != 2) throw kOperatorMismatch;
	if(cnt == 1) res = -res;
	ret = res;
	return exp;
}

//where to store the input
char exp[MAX_LEN];

int main()
{
	// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
	// freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);

	int test;
	scanf("%d", &test);
	while(getchar() != '\n') ;

	LL res;
	while(test--){
		gets(exp);
		try{
			char* p = Eval(exp, res);
			ExpectChar(p, '\0');	//expression should end with '\0'
			printf("%d\n", int(res));
		} catch(int e){
			// printf("e = %d, ", e);
			puts("invalid expression");
		}
	}

	return 0;
}