Ubuntu16.04安装CUDA

CUDA安装步骤

1. 查看GPU是否支持CUDA

$ lspci | grep -i nvida

如果未出现任何信息，输入update-pciids升级

出现这些信息就是正常的：

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)

2. 更新显卡驱动（若适配则跳过）

查看你电脑的显卡驱动

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C8Csv000017AAsd000039FDbc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver   : nvidia-384 - distro non-free recommended
#从最后一行可以看出我的电脑的推荐驱动是nvidia-384

安装推荐的驱动

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get remove nvidia-*	#先删除原来的
$ apt-get install nvidia-384	#对应的是我的驱动型号

检查是否安装成功

$ nvidia-smi	#有以下结果代表安装成功
Thu Oct 29 13:48:33 2020       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 384.130                Driver Version: 384.130                   |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 105...  Off  | 00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| N/A   43C    P8    N/A /  N/A |    250MiB /  4038MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1146      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           204MiB |
|    0      2161      G   compiz                                        17MiB |
|    0      3107      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       1MiB |
|    0      6134      G   ...AAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAA= --shared-files    24MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

3. 查看系统信息

$ uname -m && cat /etc/*release
x86_64										#有用
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu							#有用
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04						#有用
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS"
VERSION_ID="16.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial

4. 下载安装包：

• 在官网找到你想下载的版本（我选择的是CUDA Toolkit 10.0 [Sept 2018]），并点击进去

• 按照上一步中得到的你的系统的信息选择对应的选项，注意最后一个选择runfile(local)
  

• 下载Base Installer即可

5. 安装GCC（略）

6. 确定内核安装完整

$ uname -r
4.15.0-118-generic
$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
#一般来说没有需要安装的

7. 使用bash安装CUDA

$ sudo bash cuda_8.0.61_375.26_linux.run
#开始进入安装流程
#依次输入：
#: n
#: y
#: y
#: y
#: y
#结束

最后会有一个warning，提示你驱动没有安装，但是我们事先是已经安装了的，所以不必管他

8. 配置环境

$ sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

在文末输入：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin
export CUDA_HOME=$CUDA_HOME:/usr/local/cuda-8.0
#其中cuda的文件夹名需要对应你的cuda版本

然后

$ source ~/.bashrc

结束

测试1

$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2016 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Tue_Jan_10_13:22:03_CST_2017
Cuda compilation tools, release 8.0, V8.0.61
#安装成功

测试2

$ cd /usr/local/cuda/samples
$ sudo make
$ ./1_Utilities/deviceQuery/deviceQuery #可以看到如下输出
./1_Utilities/deviceQuery/deviceQuery Starting...

 CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)

Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)

Device 0: "GeForce GTX 1050 Ti"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          9.0 / 8.0
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    6.1
  Total amount of global memory:                 4039 MBytes (4235001856 bytes)
  ( 6) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP:     768 CUDA Cores
  GPU Max Clock rate:                            1620 MHz (1.62 GHz)
  Memory Clock rate:                             3504 Mhz
  Memory Bus Width:                              128-bit
  L2 Cache Size:                                 1048576 bytes
  Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
  Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(32768), 2048 layers
  Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
	......