Linux kernel 分析之五：内核启动-内核解压缩

这得从vmliux.bin的产生过程说起。
从内核的生成过程来看内核的链接主要有三步：
第一步是把内核的源代码编译成.o文件，然后链接，这一步，链接的是arch/i386/kernel/head.S，生成的是vmlinux。注意的是这里的所有变量地址都是32位页寻址方式的保护模式下的虚拟地址。通常在3G以上。

/*
 *  linux/arch/i386/kernel/head.S -- the 32-bit startup code.
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
 *  and Martin Mares, November 1997.
 */

.text
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/segment.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/desc.h>

#define OLD_CL_MAGIC_ADDR	0x90020
#define OLD_CL_MAGIC		0xA33F
#define OLD_CL_BASE_ADDR	0x90000
#define OLD_CL_OFFSET		0x90022
#define NEW_CL_POINTER		0x228	/* Relative to real mode data */

/*
 * References to members of the boot_cpu_data structure.
 */

#define CPU_PARAMS	SYMBOL_NAME(boot_cpu_data)
#define X86		CPU_PARAMS+0
#define X86_VENDOR	CPU_PARAMS+1
#define X86_MODEL	CPU_PARAMS+2
#define X86_MASK	CPU_PARAMS+3
#define X86_HARD_MATH	CPU_PARAMS+6
#define X86_CPUID	CPU_PARAMS+8
#define X86_CAPABILITY	CPU_PARAMS+12
#define X86_VENDOR_ID	CPU_PARAMS+36	/* tied to NCAPINTS in cpufeature.h */

/*
 * swapper_pg_dir is the main page directory, address 0x00101000
 *
 * On entry, %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
 */
startup_32:
/*
 * Set segments to known values
 */
	cld
	movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
	movl %eax,%ds
	movl %eax,%es
	movl %eax,%fs
	movl %eax,%gs
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	orw %bx,%bx
	jz 1f

/*
 *	New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may
 *	be using the global pages. 
 *
 *	NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all!
 *	So we do not try to touch it unless we really have
 *	some bits in it to set.  This won't work if the BSP
 *	implements cr4 but this AP does not -- very unlikely
 *	but be warned!  The same applies to the pse feature
 *	if not equally supported. --macro
 *
 *	NOTE! We have to correct for the fact that we're
 *	not yet offset PAGE_OFFSET..
 */
#define cr4_bits mmu_cr4_features-__PAGE_OFFSET
	cmpl $0,cr4_bits
	je 3f
	movl %cr4,%eax		# Turn on paging options (PSE,PAE,..)
	orl cr4_bits,%eax
	movl %eax,%cr4
	jmp 3f
1:
#endif
/*
 * Initialize page tables
 */
	movl $pg0-__PAGE_OFFSET,%edi