OpenCV图像处理技术（Python）——形态学操作

OpenCV图像处理技术（Python）——形态学操作
© Fu Xianjun. All Rights Reserved.

前言

随着时间的推移，学习OpenCV已经有一段时间了。今天就让我们来学习这之中的形态学操作吧。

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学习内容

1.腐蚀与膨胀

1.1形态学—腐蚀操作

img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)
cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

pie = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
cv2.imshow('J', pie)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
erosion_1 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
erosion_2 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
erosion_3 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

1.2形态学-膨胀操作

img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)
cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 1)
cv2.imshow('dilate', dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

pie = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.通用形态学函数

2.1开运算与闭运算

开运算：

# 开：先腐蚀，再膨胀
img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

闭运算：

# 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀
img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

梯度运算：

# 梯度=膨胀-腐蚀
pie = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8) 
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)

res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))

cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)

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gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.2 礼帽与黑帽
礼帽 = 原始输入-开运算结果
黑帽 = 闭运算-原始输入

礼帽：

img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

黑帽：

img = cv2.imread('j.bmp')
blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('blackhat', blackhat )
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3.核函数

检测直线

img=cv2.imread('morph01.png')
img_cvt = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret,img_thr = cv2.threshold(img_cvt,150,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT,(14,1)) 
dst1 = cv2.dilate(img_thr,kernel,iterations=1)  
kernel2 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT,(1,14)) 
dst2 =cv2.dilate(img_thr,kernel2,iterations=1)
dst=cv2.bitwise_and(dst2,dst1)
cv2.imshow("img_cvt",img_cvt)
cv2.imshow("img_thr",img_thr)
cv2.imshow("dst1",dst1)
cv2.imshow("dst2",dst2)
cv2.imshow("dst",dst)
cv2.imwrite("dst.jpg",dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

总结

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