数据结构Prim 算法与 Dijkstra 算法

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define MAX_DISTANCE 10000

/**
 * The structure of a Net.
 */
typedef struct Net{
	int** weights;
	int numNodes;
} *NetPtr;

/**
 * Initialize a Net.
 */
NetPtr initNet(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	NetPtr resultPtr = (NetPtr)malloc(sizeof(Net));
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;

	//Two stage space allocation.
	resultPtr->weights = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> weights[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> weights[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
	
	return resultPtr;
}//Of initNet

/**
 * The Prim algorithm for spanning tree, or the Dijkstra algorithm for nearest path.
 * @param paraAlgorithm 0 for Dijkstra, 1 for Prim
 * @return The total cost of the tree.
 */
int dijkstraOrPrim(NetPtr paraPtr, int paraAlgorithm) {
	int i, j, minDistance, tempBestNode, resultCost;
	int source = 0;
	int numNodes = paraPtr->numNodes;
	int *distanceArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int));
	int *parentArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int));
	//Essentially boolean
	int *visitedArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int)); 

	// Step 1. Initialize. Any node can be the source.
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		distanceArray[i] = paraPtr->weights[source][i];
		parentArray[i] = source;
		visitedArray[i] = 0;
	} // Of for i
	distanceArray[source] = 0;
	parentArray[source] = -1;
	visitedArray[source] = 1;

	// Step 2. Main loops.
	tempBestNode = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes - 1; i++) {
		// Step 2.1 Find out the best next node.
		minDistance = MAX_DISTANCE;
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			// This node is visited.
			if (visitedArray[j]) {
				continue;
			} // Of if

			if (minDistance > distanceArray[j]) {
				minDistance = distanceArray[j];
				tempBestNode = j;
			} // Of if
		} // Of for j

		visitedArray[tempBestNode] = 1;

		// Step 2.2 Prepare for the next round.
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			// This node is visited.
			if (visitedArray[j]) {
				continue;
			} // Of if

			// This node cannot be reached.
			if (paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j] >= MAX_DISTANCE) {
				continue;
			} // Of if

			// Attention: the difference between Dijkstra and Prim algorithms.
			if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
				if (distanceArray[j] > distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]) {
					// Change the distance.
					distanceArray[j] = distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					// Change the parent.
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
				} // Of if
			} else {
				if (distanceArray[j] > paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]) {
					// Change the distance.
					distanceArray[j] = paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					// Change the parent.
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
				} // Of if
			}//Of if
		} // Of for j
	} // Of for i

	printf("the parent of each node: ");
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		printf("%d, ", parentArray[i]);
	} // Of for i

	if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
		printf("From node 0, path length to all nodes are: ");
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			printf("%d (%d), ", i, distanceArray[i]);
		} // Of for i
	} else {
		resultCost = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			resultCost += distanceArray[i];
			printf("cost of node %d is %d, total = %d\r\n", i, distanceArray[i], resultCost);
		} // Of for i
		printf("Finally, the total cost is %d.\r\n ", resultCost);
	}//Of if

	// Step 3. Output for debug.
	printf("\r\n");

	return resultCost;
}// Of dijkstraOrPrim

/**
 * Construct a sample net.
 * Revised from testGraphTranverse().
 */
NetPtr constructSampleNet() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[6][6] = { 
		{0, 6, 1, 5, 0, 0},
		{6, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0}, 
		{1, 5, 0, 5, 6, 4}, 
		{5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 2}, 
		{0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6},
		{0, 0, 4, 2, 6, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	int numNodes = 6;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int));
	}//Of for i
	 
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j ++) {
			if (myGraph[i][j] == 0) {
				tempPtr[i][j] = MAX_DISTANCE;
			} else {
				tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			}//Of if
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	NetPtr resultNetPtr = initNet(numNodes, tempPtr);
	return resultNetPtr;
}//Of constructSampleNet

/**
 * Test the Prim algorithm.
 */
void testPrim() {
	NetPtr tempNetPtr = constructSampleNet();
	printf("=====Dijkstra algorithm=====\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 0);
	printf("=====Prim algorithm=====\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 1);
}//Of testPrim

/**
 * The entrance.
 */
int main(){
	testPrim();
	return 1;
}//Of main

运行结果

两算法的区别

prim算法适合求稠密图的最小生成树

在一个连通网的所有生成树中各边的代价之和最小的那颗生成树称为该连通图的最小生成树。

dijkstra算法求最短路径

 共同点