Linux的LED子系统分析

Linux的LED子系统分析

1、leds目录的创建

led子系统的入口模块为drivers\leds\led-class.c

// drivers\leds\led-class.c

static int __init leds_init(void)
{
	leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");
	if (IS_ERR(leds_class))
		return PTR_ERR(leds_class);
	leds_class->pm = &leds_class_dev_pm_ops;
	leds_class->dev_groups = led_groups;
	return 0;
}

static void __exit leds_exit(void)
{
	class_destroy(leds_class);
}

subsys_initcall(leds_init);
module_exit(leds_exit);

由于leds_init是由subsys_initcall修饰，所以在内核启动时，会直接执行leds_init。具体请看linux内核模块加载顺序分析.
在leds_init中主要是创建了led类，并初始化了led类中的参数。
在这里主要是创建了一个节点名为‘leds’的目录。

leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");

// include\linux\device\class.h

#define class_create(owner, name)		\
({						\
	static struct lock_class_key __key;	\
	__class_create(owner, name, &__key);	\
})

// drivers\base\class.c

struct class *__class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name,
			     struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct class *cls;
	int retval;

	cls = kzalloc(sizeof(*cls), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!cls) {
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}

	cls->name = name;
	cls->owner = owner;
	cls->class_release = class_create_release;

	retval = __class_register(cls, key);
	if (retval)
		goto error;

	return cls;

error:
	kfree(cls);
	return ERR_PTR(retval);
}

这里首先创建了一个类

	cls = kzalloc(sizeof(*cls), GFP_KERNEL);

然后对类中的成员进行赋值

	cls->name = name;
	cls->owner = owner;
	cls->class_release = class_create_release;

最后去创建类对应的节点目录

	retval = __class_register(cls, key);

int __class_register(struct class *cls, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct subsys_private *cp;
	int error;

	pr_debug("device class '%s': registering\n", cls->name);

	cp = kzalloc(sizeof(*cp), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!cp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	klist_init(&cp->klist_devices, klist_class_dev_get, klist_class_dev_put);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cp->interfaces);
	kset_init(&cp->glue_dirs);
	__mutex_init(&cp->mutex, "subsys mutex", key);
	error = kobject_set_name(&cp->subsys.kobj, "%s", cls->name);
	if (error) {
		kfree(cp);
		return error;
	}

	/* set the default /sys/dev directory for devices of this class */
	if (!cls->dev_kobj)
		cls->dev_kobj = sysfs_dev_char_kobj;

#if defined(CONFIG_BLOCK)
	/* let the block class directory show up in the root of sysfs */
	if (!sysfs_deprecated || cls != &block_class)
		cp->subsys.kobj.kset = class_kset;
#else
	cp->subsys.kobj.kset = class_kset;
#endif
	cp->subsys.kobj.ktype = &class_ktype;
	cp->class = cls;
	cls->p = cp;

	error = kset_register(&cp->subsys);
	if (error) {
		kfree(cp);
		return error;
	}
	error = class_add_groups(class_get(cls), cls->class_groups);
	class_put(cls);
	return error;
}

	error = kobject_set_name(&cp->subsys.kobj, "%s", cls->name);

这里创建了名为‘leds’的节点目录。
然后回头看leds_init函数，在创建类之后，对类的一些成员进行赋值。

	leds_class->pm = &leds_class_dev_pm_ops;
	leds_class->dev_groups = led_groups;

这里对dev_groups赋值了一个全局变量led_groups。

static struct bin_attribute *led_trigger_bin_attrs[] = {
	&bin_attr_trigger,
	NULL,
};
static const struct attribute_group led_trigger_group = {
	.bin_attrs = led_trigger_bin_attrs,
};
#endif

static struct attribute *led_class_attrs[] = {
	&dev_attr_brightness.attr,
	&dev_attr_max_brightness.attr,
	NULL,
};

static const struct attribute_group led_group = {
	.attrs = led_class_attrs,
};

static const struct attribute_group *led_groups[] = {
	&led_group,
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
	&led_trigger_group,
#endif
	NULL,
};

这里主要是添加了trigger、brightness和max_brightness三个属性。
但是这三个属性文件这时还没有在sysfs中创建。只有当注册led类设备时才会创建。到目前为止，只创建了一个‘leds’节点目录。

2、leds目录下属性文件的创建

在创建led类设备时需要使用led_classdev_register进行注册。

// include\linux\leds.h

static inline int led_classdev_register(struct device *parent,
					struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
{
	return led_classdev_register_ext(parent, led_cdev, NULL);
}

注册一个新的led类的设备节点

// drivers\leds\led-class.c

int led_classdev_register_ext(struct device *parent,
			      struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
			      struct led_init_data *init_data)
{
	char composed_name[LED_MAX_NAME_SIZE];
	char final_name[LED_MAX_NAME_SIZE];
	const char *proposed_name = composed_name;
	int ret;

	if (init_data) {
		if (init_data->devname_mandatory && !init_data->devicename) {
			dev_err(parent, "Mandatory device name is missing");
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		ret = led_compose_name(parent, init_data, composed_name);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
	} else {
		proposed_name = led_cdev->name;
	}

	ret = led_classdev_next_name(proposed_name, final_name, sizeof(final_name));
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	mutex_init(&led_cdev->led_access);
	mutex_lock(&led_cdev->led_access);
	led_cdev->dev = device_create_with_groups(leds_class, parent, 0,
				led_cdev, led_cdev->groups, "%s", final_name);
	if (IS_ERR(led_cdev->dev)) {
		mutex_unlock(&led_cdev->led_access);
		return PTR_ERR(led_cdev->dev);
	}
	if (init_data && init_data->fwnode) {
		led_cdev->dev->fwnode = init_data->fwnode;
		led_cdev->dev->of_node = to_of_node(init_data->fwnode);
	}

	if (ret)
		dev_warn(parent, "Led %s renamed to %s due to name collision",
				proposed_name, dev_name(led_cdev->dev));

	if (led_cdev->flags & LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED) {
		ret = led_add_brightness_hw_changed(led_cdev);
		if (ret) {
			device_unregister(led_cdev->dev);
			led_cdev->dev = NULL;
			mutex_unlock(&led_cdev->led_access);
			return ret;
		}
	}

	led_cdev->work_flags = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
	init_rwsem(&led_cdev->trigger_lock);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_BRIGHTNESS_HW_CHANGED
	led_cdev->brightness_hw_changed = -1;
#endif
	/* add to the list of leds */
	down_write(&leds_list_lock);
	list_add_tail(&led_cdev->node, &leds_list);
	up_write(&leds_list_lock);

	if (!led_cdev->max_brightness)
		led_cdev->max_brightness = LED_FULL;

	led_update_brightness(led_cdev);

	led_init_core(led_cdev);

#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
	led_trigger_set_default(led_cdev);
#endif

	mutex_unlock(&led_cdev->led_access);

	dev_dbg(parent, "Registered led device: %s\n",
			led_cdev->name);

	return 0;
}

创建一个设备，并在sysfs中注册。

	led_cdev->dev = device_create_with_groups(leds_class, parent, 0,
				led_cdev, led_cdev->groups, "%s", final_name);

// drivers\base\core.c

struct device *device_create_with_groups(struct class *class,
					 struct device *parent, dev_t devt,
					 void *drvdata,
					 const struct attribute_group **groups,
					 const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list vargs;
	struct device *dev;

	va_start(vargs, fmt);
	dev = device_create_groups_vargs(class, parent, devt, drvdata, groups,
					 fmt, vargs);
	va_end(vargs);
	return dev;
}

// drivers\base\core.c

static __printf(6, 0) struct device *
device_create_groups_vargs(struct class *class, struct device *parent,
			   dev_t devt, void *drvdata,
			   const struct attribute_group **groups,
			   const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
	struct device *dev = NULL;
	int retval = -ENODEV;

	if (class == NULL || IS_ERR(class))
		goto error;

	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev) {
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}

	device_initialize(dev);
	dev->devt = devt;
	dev->class = class;
	dev->parent = parent;
	dev->groups = groups;
	dev->release = device_create_release;
	dev_set_drvdata(dev, drvdata);

	retval = kobject_set_name_vargs(&dev->kobj, fmt, args);
	if (retval)
		goto error;

	retval = device_add(dev);
	if (retval)
		goto error;

	return dev;

error:
	put_device(dev);
	return ERR_PTR(retval);
}

将设备添加到设备层次结构中。

	retval = device_add(dev);

int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
	struct device *parent;
	struct kobject *kobj;
	struct class_interface *class_intf;
	int error = -EINVAL;
	struct kobject *glue_dir = NULL;

	dev = get_device(dev);
	if (!dev)
		goto done;

	if (!dev->p) {
		error = device_private_init(dev);
		if (error)
			goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
	 * some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
	 * the name, and force the use of dev_name()
	 */
	if (dev->init_name) {
		dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
		dev->init_name = NULL;
	}

	/* subsystems can specify simple device enumeration */
	if (!dev_name(dev) && dev->bus && dev->bus->dev_name)
		dev_set_name(dev, "%s%u", dev->bus->dev_name, dev->id);

	if (!dev_name(dev)) {
		error = -EINVAL;
		goto name_error;
	}

	pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);

	parent = get_device(dev->parent);
	kobj = get_device_parent(dev, parent);
	if (IS_ERR(kobj)) {
		error = PTR_ERR(kobj);
		goto parent_error;
	}
	if (kobj)
		dev->kobj.parent = kobj;

	/* use parent numa_node */
	if (parent && (dev_to_node(dev) == NUMA_NO_NODE))
		set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent));

	/* first, register with generic layer. */
	/* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
	error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL);
	if (error) {
		glue_dir = get_glue_dir(dev);
		goto Error;
	}

	/* notify platform of device entry */
	error = device_platform_notify(dev, KOBJ_ADD);
	if (error)
		goto platform_error;

	error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
	if (error)
		goto attrError;

	error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
	if (error)
		goto SymlinkError;
	error = device_add_attrs(dev);
	if (error)
		goto AttrsError;
	error = bus_add_device(dev);
	if (error)
		goto BusError;
	error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
	if (error)
		goto DPMError;
	device_pm_add(dev);

	if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
		error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_dev);
		if (error)
			goto DevAttrError;

		error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev);
		if (error)
			goto SysEntryError;

		devtmpfs_create_node(dev);
	}

	/* Notify clients of device addition.  This call must come
	 * after dpm_sysfs_add() and before kobject_uevent().
	 */
	if (dev->bus)
		blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
					     BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);

	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);

	/*
	 * Check if any of the other devices (consumers) have been waiting for
	 * this device (supplier) to be added so that they can create a device
	 * link to it.
	 *
	 * This needs to happen after device_pm_add() because device_link_add()
	 * requires the supplier be registered before it's called.
	 *
	 * But this also needs to happen before bus_probe_device() to make sure
	 * waiting consumers can link to it before the driver is bound to the
	 * device and the driver sync_state callback is called for this device.
	 */
	if (dev->fwnode && !dev->fwnode->dev) {
		dev->fwnode->dev = dev;
		fw_devlink_link_device(dev);
	}

	bus_probe_device(dev);
	if (parent)
		klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
			       &parent->p->klist_children);

	if (dev->class) {
		mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
		/* tie the class to the device */
		klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_class,
			       &dev->class->p->klist_devices);

		/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
		list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
				    &dev->class->p->interfaces, node)
			if (class_intf->add_dev)
				class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
		mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->mutex);
	}
done:
	put_device(dev);
	return error;
 SysEntryError:
	if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
		device_remove_file(dev, &dev_attr_dev);
 DevAttrError:
	device_pm_remove(dev);
	dpm_sysfs_remove(dev);
 DPMError:
	bus_remove_device(dev);
 BusError:
	device_remove_attrs(dev);
 AttrsError:
	device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
 SymlinkError:
	device_remove_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);
 attrError:
	device_platform_notify(dev, KOBJ_REMOVE);
platform_error:
	kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
	glue_dir = get_glue_dir(dev);
	kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
 Error:
	cleanup_glue_dir(dev, glue_dir);
parent_error:
	put_device(parent);
name_error:
	kfree(dev->p);
	dev->p = NULL;
	goto done;
}

添加uevent的属性节点

	error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_uevent);

创建链接

	error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);

// drivers\base\core.c

static int device_add_class_symlinks(struct device *dev)
{
	struct device_node *of_node = dev_of_node(dev);
	int error;

	if (of_node) {
		error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, of_node_kobj(of_node), "of_node");
		if (error)
			dev_warn(dev, "Error %d creating of_node link\n",error);
		/* An error here doesn't warrant bringing down the device */
	}

	if (!dev->class)
		return 0;

	error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj,
				  &dev->class->p->subsys.kobj,
				  "subsystem");
	if (error)
		goto out_devnode;

	if (dev->parent && device_is_not_partition(dev)) {
		error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &dev->parent->kobj,
					  "device");
		if (error)
			goto out_subsys;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
	/* /sys/block has directories and does not need symlinks */
	if (sysfs_deprecated && dev->class == &block_class)
		return 0;
#endif

	/* link in the class directory pointing to the device */
	error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->class->p->subsys.kobj,
				  &dev->kobj, dev_name(dev));
	if (error)
		goto out_device;

	return 0;

out_device:
	sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "device");

out_subsys:
	sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "subsystem");
out_devnode:
	sysfs_remove_link(&dev->kobj, "of_node");
	return error;
}

这里面创建了subsystem和device两个链接。

	error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj,
				  &dev->class->p->subsys.kobj,
				  "subsystem");
	if (error)
		goto out_devnode;

	if (dev->parent && device_is_not_partition(dev)) {
		error = sysfs_create_link(&dev->kobj, &dev->parent->kobj,
					  "device");
		if (error)
			goto out_subsys;
	}

添加默认属性

	error = device_add_attrs(dev);

// drivers\base\core.c

static int device_add_attrs(struct device *dev)
{
	struct class *class = dev->class;
	const struct device_type *type = dev->type;
	int error;

	if (class) {
		error = device_add_groups(dev, class->dev_groups);
		if (error)
			return error;
	}

	if (type) {
		error = device_add_groups(dev, type->groups);
		if (error)
			goto err_remove_class_groups;
	}

	error = device_add_groups(dev, dev->groups);
	if (error)
		goto err_remove_type_groups;

	if (device_supports_offline(dev) && !dev->offline_disabled) {
		error = device_create_file(dev, &dev_attr_online);
		if (error)
			goto err_remove_dev_groups;
	}

	return 0;

 err_remove_dev_groups:
	device_remove_groups(dev, dev->groups);
 err_remove_type_groups:
	if (type)
		device_remove_groups(dev, type->groups);
 err_remove_class_groups:
	if (class)
		device_remove_groups(dev, class->dev_groups);

	return error;
}

这里添加了class->dev_groups里面的属性，即第一节所说的全局变量led_groups。

	if (class) {
		error = device_add_groups(dev, class->dev_groups);
		if (error)
			return error;
	}

具体的添加过程，请看另一篇文章: sysfs设备节点创建分析.
到这里，首先是创建了一个‘leds’节点，在这个节点下有创建了‘uevent’、‘brightness’、‘max_brightness’和‘trigger’四个属性节点，同时还创建了subsystem和device两个链接。