Color Space convertion

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-18 23:08:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-03-18 23:08:36 发布

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http://docs.opencv.org/trunk/modules/imgproc/doc/miscellaneous_transformations.html?highlight=cvtcolor#void%20cvtColor%28InputArray%20src,%20OutputArray%20dst,%20int%20code,%20int%20dstCn%29

cvtColor

Converts an image from one color space to another.

C++: void cvtColor (InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int code, int dstCn=0 )

Python: cv2. cvtColor (src, code [, dst [, dstCn ] ] ) → dst

C: void cvCvtColor (const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst, int code )

Parameters:

Parameters:	src – input image: 8-bit unsigned, 16-bit unsigned ( `CV_16UC...` ), or single-precision floating-point. dst – output image of the same size and depth as `src`. code – color space conversion code (see the description below). dstCn – number of channels in the destination image; if the parameter is 0, the number of the channels is derived automatically from `src` and `code` .

src – input image: 8-bit unsigned, 16-bit unsigned ( CV_16UC... ), or single-precision floating-point.
dst – output image of the same size and depth as src.
code – color space conversion code (see the description below).
dstCn – number of channels in the destination image; if the parameter is 0, the number of the channels is derived automatically from src and code .

The function converts an input image from one colorspace to another. In case of a transformation to-from RGB color space, the order of the channels should be specified explicitly (RGB or BGR).Note that the default color format in OpenCV is often referred to as RGB but it is actually BGR (the bytes are reversed). So the first byte in a standard (24-bit) color image will be an 8-bit Blue component, the second byte will be Green, and the third byte will be Red. The fourth, fifth, and sixth bytes would then be the second pixel (Blue, then Green, then Red), and so on.

The conventional ranges for R, G, and B channel values are:

0 to 255 for CV_8U images
0 to 65535 for CV_16U images
0 to 1 for CV_32F images

In case of linear transformations, the range does not matter.But in case of a non-linear transformation, an input RGB image should be normalized to the proper value range to get the correct results, for example, for RGB $\rightarrow$ L*u*v* transformation. For example, if you have a 32-bit floating-point image directly converted from an 8-bit image without any scaling, then it will have the 0..255 value range instead of 0..1 assumed by the function. So, before calling cvtColor , you need first to scale the image down:

 
   img *= 1./255;
cvtColor(img, img, COLOR_BGR2Luv);

If you use cvtColor with 8-bit images, the conversion will have some information lost. For many applications, this will not be noticeable but it is recommended to use 32-bit images in applications that need the full range of colors or that convert an image before an operation and then convert back.

The function can do the following transformations:

RGB $\leftrightarrow$ GRAY ( CV_BGR2GRAY, CV_RGB2GRAY, CV_GRAY2BGR, CV_GRAY2RGB )Transformations within RGB space like adding/removing the alpha channel, reversing the channel order, conversion to/from 16-bit RGB color (R5:G6:B5 or R5:G5:B5), as well as conversion to/from grayscale using:

$\text{RGB[A] to Gray:} \quad Y \leftarrow 0.299 \cdot R + 0.587 \cdot G + 0.114 \cdot B$

and

$\text{Gray to RGB[A]:} \quad R \leftarrow Y, G \leftarrow Y, B \leftarrow Y, A \leftarrow 0$

The conversion from a RGB image to gray is done with:
```
cvtColor(src, bwsrc, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
```
More advanced channel reordering can also be done withmixChannels() .
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ CIE XYZ.Rec 709 with D65 white point ( COLOR_BGR2XYZ, COLOR_RGB2XYZ, COLOR_XYZ2BGR, COLOR_XYZ2RGB ):

$\begin{bmatrix} X \\ Y \\ Z \end{bmatrix} \leftarrow \begin{bmatrix} 0.412453 & 0.357580 & 0.180423 \\ 0.212671 & 0.715160 & 0.072169 \\ 0.019334 & 0.119193 & 0.950227 \end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix} R \\ G \\ B \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} R \\ G \\ B \end{bmatrix} \leftarrow \begin{bmatrix} 3.240479 & -1.53715 & -0.498535 \\ -0.969256 & 1.875991 & 0.041556 \\ 0.055648 & -0.204043 & 1.057311 \end{bmatrix} \cdot \begin{bmatrix} X \\ Y \\ Z \end{bmatrix}$

$X$ , $Y$ and $Z$ cover the whole value range (in case of floating-point images, $Z$ may exceed 1).
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ YCrCb JPEG (or YCC) ( COLOR_BGR2YCrCb, COLOR_RGB2YCrCb, COLOR_YCrCb2BGR, COLOR_YCrCb2RGB )

$Y \leftarrow 0.299 \cdot R + 0.587 \cdot G + 0.114 \cdot B$

$Cr \leftarrow (R-Y) \cdot 0.713 + delta$

$Cb \leftarrow (B-Y) \cdot 0.564 + delta$

$R \leftarrow Y + 1.403 \cdot (Cr - delta)$

$G \leftarrow Y - 0.714 \cdot (Cr - delta) - 0.344 \cdot (Cb - delta)$

$B \leftarrow Y + 1.773 \cdot (Cb - delta)$

where

$delta = \left \{ \begin{array}{l l} 128 & \mbox{for 8-bit images} \\ 32768 & \mbox{for 16-bit images} \\ 0.5 & \mbox{for floating-point images} \end{array} \right .$

Y, Cr, and Cb cover the whole value range.
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ HSV ( COLOR_BGR2HSV, COLOR_RGB2HSV, COLOR_HSV2BGR, COLOR_HSV2RGB )

In case of 8-bit and 16-bit images,R, G, and B are converted to the floating-point format and scaled to fit the 0 to 1 range.

$V \leftarrow max(R,G,B)$

$S \leftarrow \fork{\frac{V-min(R,G,B)}{V}}{if $V \neq 0$}{0}{otherwise}$

$H \leftarrow \forkthree{{60(G - B)}/{(V-min(R,G,B))}}{if $V=R$}{{120+60(B - R)}/{(V-min(R,G,B))}}{if $V=G$}{{240+60(R - G)}/{(V-min(R,G,B))}}{if $V=B$}$

If $H<0$ then $H \leftarrow H+360$ . On output $0 \leq V \leq 1$ , $0 \leq S \leq 1$ , $0 \leq H \leq 360$ .

The values are then converted to the destination data type:
- 8-bit images
  
  $V \leftarrow 255 V, S \leftarrow 255 S, H \leftarrow H/2 \text{(to fit to 0 to 255)}$
- 16-bit images (currently not supported)
  
  $V <- 65535 V, S <- 65535 S, H <- H$
- 32-bit images
  
  H, S, and V are left as is
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ HLS ( COLOR_BGR2HLS, COLOR_RGB2HLS, COLOR_HLS2BGR, COLOR_HLS2RGB ).

In case of 8-bit and 16-bit images,R, G, and B are converted to the floating-point format and scaled to fit the 0 to 1 range.

$V_{max} \leftarrow {max}(R,G,B)$

$V_{min} \leftarrow {min}(R,G,B)$

$L \leftarrow \frac{V_{max} + V_{min}}{2}$

$S \leftarrow \fork { \frac{V_{max} - V_{min}}{V_{max} + V_{min}} }{if $L < 0.5$ } { \frac{V_{max} - V_{min}}{2 - (V_{max} + V_{min})} }{if $L \ge 0.5$ }$

$H \leftarrow \forkthree {{60(G - B)}/{S}}{if $V_{max}=R$ } {{120+60(B - R)}/{S}}{if $V_{max}=G$ } {{240+60(R - G)}/{S}}{if $V_{max}=B$ }$

If $H<0$ then $H \leftarrow H+360$ . On output $0 \leq L \leq 1$ , $0 \leq S \leq 1$ , $0 \leq H \leq 360$ .

The values are then converted to the destination data type:
- 8-bit images
  
  $V \leftarrow 255 \cdot V, S \leftarrow 255 \cdot S, H \leftarrow H/2 \; \text{(to fit to 0 to 255)}$
- 16-bit images (currently not supported)
  
  $V <- 65535 \cdot V, S <- 65535 \cdot S, H <- H$
- 32-bit images
  
  H, S, V are left as is
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ CIE L*a*b* ( COLOR_BGR2Lab, COLOR_RGB2Lab, COLOR_Lab2BGR, COLOR_Lab2RGB ).

In case of 8-bit and 16-bit images,R, G, and B are converted to the floating-point format and scaled to fit the 0 to 1 range.

$\vecthree{X}{Y}{Z} \leftarrow \vecthreethree{0.412453}{0.357580}{0.180423}{0.212671}{0.715160}{0.072169}{0.019334}{0.119193}{0.950227} \cdot \vecthree{R}{G}{B}$

$X \leftarrow X/X_n, \text{where} X_n = 0.950456$

$Z \leftarrow Z/Z_n, \text{where} Z_n = 1.088754$

$L \leftarrow \fork{116*Y^{1/3}-16}{for $Y>0.008856$}{903.3*Y}{for $Y \le 0.008856$}$

$a \leftarrow 500 (f(X)-f(Y)) + delta$

$b \leftarrow 200 (f(Y)-f(Z)) + delta$

where

$f(t)= \fork{t^{1/3}}{for $t>0.008856$}{7.787 t+16/116}{for $t\leq 0.008856$}$

and

$delta = \fork{128}{for 8-bit images}{0}{for floating-point images}$

This outputs $0 \leq L \leq 100$ , $-127 \leq a \leq 127$ , $-127 \leq b \leq 127$ . The values are then converted to the destination data type:
- 8-bit images
  
  $L \leftarrow L*255/100, \; a \leftarrow a + 128, \; b \leftarrow b + 128$
- 16-bit images
  
  (currently not supported)
- 32-bit images
  
  L, a, and b are left as is
RGB $\leftrightarrow$ CIE L*u*v* ( COLOR_BGR2Luv, COLOR_RGB2Luv, COLOR_Luv2BGR, COLOR_Luv2RGB ).

In case of 8-bit and 16-bit images,R, G, and B are converted to the floating-point format and scaled to fit 0 to 1 range.

$\vecthree{X}{Y}{Z} \leftarrow \vecthreethree{0.412453}{0.357580}{0.180423}{0.212671}{0.715160}{0.072169}{0.019334}{0.119193}{0.950227} \cdot \vecthree{R}{G}{B}$

$L \leftarrow \fork{116 Y^{1/3}}{for $Y>0.008856$}{903.3 Y}{for $Y\leq 0.008856$}$

$u' \leftarrow 4*X/(X + 15*Y + 3 Z)$

$v' \leftarrow 9*Y/(X + 15*Y + 3 Z)$

$u \leftarrow 13*L*(u' - u_n) \quad \text{where} \quad u_n=0.19793943$

$v \leftarrow 13*L*(v' - v_n) \quad \text{where} \quad v_n=0.46831096$

This outputs $0 \leq L \leq 100$ , $-134 \leq u \leq 220$ , $-140 \leq v \leq 122$ .

The values are then converted to the destination data type:
- 8-bit images
  
  $L \leftarrow 255/100 L, \; u \leftarrow 255/354 (u + 134), \; v \leftarrow 255/256 (v + 140)$
- 16-bit images
  
  (currently not supported)
- 32-bit images
  
  L, u, and v are left as is
The above formulae for converting RGB to/from various color spaces have been taken from multiple sources on the web, primarily from the Charles Poynton sitehttp://www.poynton.com/ColorFAQ.html
Bayer $\rightarrow$ RGB ( COLOR_BayerBG2BGR, COLOR_BayerGB2BGR, COLOR_BayerRG2BGR, COLOR_BayerGR2BGR, COLOR_BayerBG2RGB, COLOR_BayerGB2RGB, COLOR_BayerRG2RGB, COLOR_BayerGR2RGB ). The Bayer pattern is widely used in CCD and CMOS cameras. It enables you to get color pictures from a single plane where R,G, and B pixels (sensors of a particular component) are interleaved as follows:

The output RGB components of a pixel are interpolated from 1, 2, or4 neighbors of the pixel having the same color. There are severalmodifications of the above pattern that can be achieved by shiftingthe pattern one pixel left and/or one pixel up. The two letters $C_1$ and $C_2$ in the conversion constants CV_Bayer $C_1 C_2$ 2BGR and CV_Bayer $C_1 C_2$ 2RGB indicate the particular patterntype. These are components from the second row, second and thirdcolumns, respectively. For example, the above pattern has a verypopular “BG” type.

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Color Space convertion

http://docs.opencv.org/trunk/modules/imgproc/doc/miscellaneous_transformations.html?highlight=cvtcolor#void%20cvtColor%28InputArray%20src,%20OutputArray%20dst,%20int%20code,%20int%20dstCn%29cvtCol
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