Docker基础（3）docker导入导出镜像和其他相关操作

1.Docker镜像常用命令

1.1 帮助

docker --help
查询Docker client命令的介绍，这里着重看Docker的Managerment Commands

Management Commands:
  container   Manage containers
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  volume      Manage volumes

在之前的Docker版本中是没有这些管理命令的，后台版本升级Docker通过管理命令将Docker client命令进行分类，建议读者们使用这些命令进行操作。例如，我不了解image的操纵，可执行docker image --help查看，这样就能获取所需要的命令了

1.2 删除镜像

docker image rm
在该镜像被使用，也就是有创建的容器的时候，需要先停止容器
docker container stop 容器name or 容器 id
然后删除容器
docker container rm 容器name or 容器id
然后再执行删除。

快捷清除容器

[root@wangle-master ~]# docker container stop $(docker ps -a|awk '{print $1}') && docker container rm $(docker ps -a|awk '{print $1}') 

1.3 导出镜像导入镜像

docker image save nginx > wangle-nginx.tar
docker image load 镜像名 < xxx.tar
这里的导出镜像一般很少使用，基本存在虚拟机不能联网的时候希望分享镜像，现在几乎是将镜像push到远程仓库中供给自己或者其他人使用。

1.3.1 首先下载镜像，这里下载ngin镜像

[root@wangle-master ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
e1acddbe380c: Pull complete 
e21006f71c6f: Pull complete 
f3341cc17e58: Pull complete 
2a53fa598ee2: Pull complete 
12455f71a9b5: Pull complete 
b86f2ba62d17: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4d4d96ac750af48c6a551d757c1cbfc071692309b491b70b2b8976e102dd3fef
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest

1.3.2 导出镜像

这里我们导出wangle-ubuntu.tar，一般导出tar包

[root@wangle-master ~]# docker image save nginx > wangle-nginx.tar
[root@wangle-master ~]# ls
34.197.211.151:443:  logs  metersphere-release-v1.10.4         nacos             wangle-ubuntu.tar
kubeadm-config.yaml  luo   metersphere-release-v1.10.4.tar.gz  wangle-nginx.tar
[root@wangle-master ~]# 

1.3.3 删除镜像

[root@wangle-master ~]# docker image rm nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: docker.io/nginx@sha256:4d4d96ac750af48c6a551d757c1cbfc071692309b491b70b2b8976e102dd3fef
Deleted: sha256:dd34e67e3371dc2d1328790c3157ee42dfcae74afffd86b297459ed87a98c0fb
Deleted: sha256:ec6149850eea7af0bfa5f4aa0130d2c3cbae06e4b5da8c748d8b6b1b0cb81d07
Deleted: sha256:2a3d94c7adfe6e94ef038a9b3ea3631168e979f8ddb49a38b203e364627af2d9
Deleted: sha256:2bbff8011bb867605e83fdb8095f94a347307726b8cce81d752886a8af974aea
Deleted: sha256:f151353bef203bd70680578f33abd9667b65434ffadf547f900dca09927cc435
Deleted: sha256:47c01ba78b6d0bdef530c46858d4c83b87452d42dc9faa54b02b3e026107ff27
Deleted: sha256:f68ef921efae588b3dd5cc466a1ca9c94c24785f1fa9420bea15ecc2dedbe781

执行docker image ls就会发现nginx已经被删除了

1.3.4 导入镜像

[root@wangle-master ~]# docker image load < wangle-nginx.tar
f68ef921efae: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.53 MB/72.53 MB
d1279c519351: Loading layer [==================================================>] 64.86 MB/64.86 MB
678bbd796838: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072 kB/3.072 kB
009f1d338b57: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096 kB/4.096 kB
8f736d52032f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
fb04ab8effa8: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.168 kB/7.168 kB
Loaded image: docker.io/nginx:latest
Loaded image ID: sha256:dd34e67e3371dc2d1328790c3157ee42dfcae74afffd86b297459ed87a98c0fb
Loaded image ID: sha256:4cdc5dd7eaadff5080649e8d0014f2f8d36d4ddf2eff2fdf577dd13da85c5d2f