Android-异步任务处理

             Android中异步任务用法(即另起一工作线程去完成耗时操作),非常常见。我们要加载图片,需要异步任务;我们要网络请求,需要异步任务;我们要读写数据库,需要异步任务;当然现在我们用的比较多的是Asynctask。但是其本质也是对Handler,Looper,Message的封装。所以我要求自己必须,对Handler,Message,Looper的运行机制熟悉透彻,在这里做些笔记,加深印象!

1,Looper:

public class Looper {
    private static final String TAG = "Looper";

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
    private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class

    final MessageQueue mQueue;  
    final Thread mThread;
    volatile boolean mRun;

    private Printer mLogging;

这是looper的类,我们可以看到Looper对象中:

   有一个MessageQueue消息队列;

   有ThreadLocal<Looper> 一般用于为本线程绑定唯一对象;

   有Thread线程对象。

 public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

上面是Looper的prepare()方法。

sThreadLocal.get()!=null;即线程中已经存在了Looper对象,则报异常。因此表明Looper对象是单例的,prepare()方法只能调用一次;如果是首次执行,则将Looper绑定到当前线程。

public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();//myLooper方法的源码在下面,返回本线程绑定的Looper对象
        if (me == null) {    //如果为null表示没有绑定Looper对象,报异常,也就是说loop()前,必须调用prepare()方法。
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//获的消息队列

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        for (;;) {//进入无限循环,
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {  //不断地从消息队列中获取消息对象

                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;//这个逻辑大家是不是有疑问:刚开始没有消息时,不就退出循环了?其实大家看一下MessageQueue的next()方法就知道了这个方法也是有一个无限循环。拿到消息对象,或者因为其他不可逆的错误,才结束有返回值。}
            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }

            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);//拿到消息后执行的方法,后面大家就会知道meg.target就是发送消息的Handler对象。

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycle();//释放资源
        }
    }


public static Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }

Looper的另一个重要方法loop();注解写在代码里面了!

Looper的主要作用:1,与当前线程绑定,保证只有一个Looper对象,也只有一个MessageQueue对象

                                                 2,loop()方法不断从MessageQueue中获取消息,并交给message的Target的DispatchMessage()方法处理。

2,Handler

public Handler(boolean async) {
        this(null, async);
    }

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }
从Handler的构造方法中我们可以看到:

1,Handler类中有与当前线程绑定的Looper对象

2,自然也有与Looper对象对应的MessageQueue消息队列
那么Handler的sendMessage发送消息的方法其实就是在MessageQueue存放消息,就变得很简单!

我们还是跟踪一下最常用的sendMessage()。

public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
    {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }


private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);//存放消息的代码在MessageQueue中
    }
到了这里:msg.target=this;这个this自然就是Handler,上面的Looper对象的Loop()方法中,处理消息的代码是:

msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);大家应该明白调用的是Handler的dispatchMessage(msg)方法。

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

handleMessage(msg)终于出现了!

到了这里可以做一个小结了:

1,Looper.prepare()方法,在本线程中绑定一个Looper实例,Looper实例中绑定一个MessageQueue;Looper对象是单例的。

2,Looper.loop();在本线程中执行一段无限循环代码,不断地从MessageQueue中,获取Message,调用Message.target.dispatchMessage()方法进行处理。

3,Handler的构造方法中,获得与本线程绑定的Looper对象,以及对应的MessageQueue消息队列。

4,Handler的sendMessage将Message对象的target属性设为自身,并放入MessageQueue消息队列。

5,回调Handler的dispatchMessage方法,执行我们重写的handleMessage()方法。

Handler的另一种应用:

 handler.post(new Runnable() {
					
		@Override
		public void run() {
			Log.i("www","i am in runnable" );
		}
});
通常在工作线程中,可以直接调用工作线程中的局部变量。我们跟踪。

public final boolean post(Runnable r)
    {
       return  sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
    }
</pre><pre name="code" class="java">private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
        Message m = Message.obtain();
        m.callback = r;//这里与Handler的sendMessage的不同处,为message的callback属性赋值r;
        return m;
    }

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

最终的差异体现在:这边执行的是handleCallback(msg);方法

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
        message.callback.run();
    }
最终还是执行的Runnable的run方法。

















  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值