TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已测量级别7_质量评估2

Specific Practices by Goals 特定目标，实践。

SG 1 Establish Measurable and Prioritized Project Goals for Product Quality

为产品质量建立可测量的和划分优先级的项目目标。

A set of measurable and prioritized project goals for product quality is established and maintained.

一系列的可测量和划分优先级的项目目标被建立和维护。

SP 1.1 Identify product quality needs 明确产品质量需求

Project product quality needs are identified and prioritized. Example work products 1. Identified and prioritized product quality needs for the project Sub-practices 1. Review the organization’s objectives for product quality The intent of this review is to ensure that the project stakeholders understand the broader business context in which the project will need to operate. The project’s objectives for product quality are developed in the context of these overarching organizational objectives. 2. Identify and select stakeholders that need to contribute to the identification of the project’s product quality needs 3. Elicit product quality needs using input from stakeholders and other sources Examples of ways to elicit product quality needs include the following:  Surveys  Questionnaires [Pinkster], [Trienekens and Van Veenendaal]  Focus groups  Product evaluation by users  Quality Function Deployment [Hauser and Clausing]  Brainstorming Examples of sources for product quality needs include the following:  Requirements, e.g., non-functional requirements  Organization’s product quality objectives  Customer’s product quality objectives  Business objectives  Market surveys  Quality targets as defined in the test policy  Quality assurance process and results  Service level agreements 4. Analyze and prioritize the identified set of product quality needs 5. Resolve conflicts among product quality needs (e.g. if one need cannot be achieved without compromising another need) 6. Establish traceability between the project’s product quality needs and their sources 7. Review and obtain agreement with stakeholders on the completeness and priority level of the product quality needs 8. Revise the product quality needs as appropriate Examples of when product quality needs may need to be revised include the following:  New or changing requirements  Evolved understanding of product quality needs by customers and end users  Lessons learned on product quality issues within the project

项目的产品质量需要被明确和划分优先级，

例子工作产品：1 明确和优先级划分项目的产品质量需求

子实践：1. 重审组织的产品质量目标，重审的意图是保证项目相关人理解项目将要运行的商业环境。2明确和选择相关人，他们需要为明确项目的产品质量需求做贡献。3.从利益相关人的输入或者其他途径退产品质量需求。提取的例子包括：调查，问卷，重点团队，产品评估，质量屋，等等。4.分析和优先级划分明确的产品质量需求。 5解决产品质量需求中的分歧。 6。 进来产品质量需求和它们资源的可追溯性。 7重审和获得相关利益人关于产品质量需求完成度和优先级的一致观点。8.修改。

SP 1.2 Define the project’s quantitative product quality goals

定义项目的大量产品质量目标

The project’s quantitative product quality goals are defined based on the project’s product quality needs.Example work products 1. Identified and prioritized project-specific quantitative product quality goals 2. Interim quantitative product quality goals (e.g., for each lifecycle phase) Sub-practices 1. Identify the attributes of product quality that are required to address the project’s product quality needs Examples of product quality attributes include the following [ISO 9126]:  Functionality  Reliability  Maintainability  Usability  Portability  Efficiency 2. Prioritize the identified set of product quality attributes based on the priorities of the product quality needs 3. Define quantitative product goals for each of the selected product quality attributes To support this sub-practice selected product quality attributes are often broken down into product quality sub-attributes. For each of the quality goals, measurable numeric values based on the required and desired values are identified [Gilb]. The quality goals will act as acceptance criteria for the project. 4. Assess the capability of the project’s defined process to satisfy the product quality goals 5. Define interim quantitative product quality goals for each lifecycle phase and corresponding work products, as appropriate, to be able to monitor progress towards achieving the project’s product quality goals The interim quality goals will act as exit criteria for the appropriate lifecycle phases. 6. Allocate project product quality goals to subcontractors, as appropriate 7. Specify operational definitions in exact and unambiguous terms for the identified (interim) product quality goals 8. Establish traceability between the project’s quantitative product quality goals and the project’s product quality needs 9. Revise the product quality goals as appropriate

根据出那片质量需求定期项目的产品质量目标。

例子工作产品：2. 明确和优先级划分项目指定的产品质量目标。 2. 暂时的大量产品质量目标。

子实践：1.明确产品质量的属性，它们被需要来解决项目的产品质量需求。例子：功能性，可靠性，可维护性，可用，可移植，高效。2. 优先级划分明确的产品质量属性，基于产品质量需求的属性。3.定义大量产品目标，为每一个选择的产品质量属性。来支持子实践选择的产品质量属性被细化为产品质量子属性。质量目标讲扮演项目的关键标准。 4. 评估项目定义的过程的能力来适应产品质量目标。 5.为每一个生命周期阶段和相应的工作产品定义暂时的产品质量目标。6.分配项目产品质量目标给承包商。 7.指定详细的精确的操作定义来明确产品质量目标。 8 建立项目产品质量目标和项目产品质量需求的可追溯性。9修改

SP 1.3 Define the approach for measuring progress toward the project’s product quality goals 定义为了达到项目产品质量目标的测量进度的方法

The approach is defined for measuring the level of accomplishment toward the defined set of product quality goals. Refer to the Test Measurement process area for how to define measures. Example work products 1. Measurement approach for product quality 2. Definitions of (test) measurement techniques to be used Sub-practices 1. Select the (test) measurement techniques to be used to measure the progress toward achieving the (interim) product quality goals Examples of (test) measurement techniques include the following:  Peer reviews  Prototype development  Static (code) analysis  Dynamic testing  Defect numbers during development testing to predict defects found later in the lifecycle 2. Define the points in the lifecycle, e.g., the test levels, for application of each of the selected techniques to measure product quality 3. Specify data collection and storage procedures Refer to the Test Measurement process area for more information on data collection and storage procedures. 4. Select analysis techniques to be used to analyze the product quality measurement data 5. Define the supporting (test) measurement tools to be used 6. Identify any significant constraints regarding the approach being defined Examples of constraints regarding the approach being defined include the following:  Source data quality constraints  Measurement data scheduling constraints due to overlapping points in the lifecycle  Test measurement techniques and/or data analysis techniques requiring specific skills  Budget and resource constraints  Test environment constraints 7. Review and obtain agreement with stakeholders on the product quality measurement approach 8. Revise the product quality measurement approach as appropriate

定义为了达到项目产品质量目标的测量进度的方法，引用测试测量流程域来说明如何定义测量。

例子工作产品：1. 产品质量的测量方法。2.定义需要使用的测量技术。

子实践：1. 选择测量技术来测量进度以达到完成产品质量目标。 技术包括：结对重审，原形开发。静态分析，动态测试，开发中的缺陷数量，用来预测以后生命周期中发现的缺陷。 2定义什么周期节点，比如，测试等级。3指出数据收集和存储过程。4，选择要使用的分析技术来分析产品质量测量数据。5.定义支持的测量工具。 6.明确定义的方法的明显的约束。包括：源数据质量约束，测量数据进度表约束，测试测量技术和数据分析技术，预算和资源约束。测试环境约束。7重审和获得相关利益人对于产品测量测量方法的一致观点。8修改。