TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已测量级别7_质量评估4

Generic Practices by Goals 通用目标和实践

GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process

GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy 建立组织方针

Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Product Quality Evaluation process. Elaboration The product quality evaluation policy typically specifies:  The product quality evaluation activities support the organization’s commitment to improve the quality of the products  The project defines and collects the measurements used for product quality evaluation based on the project’s defined (test) process  The project defines quantitative quality goals for the products and monitors actual progress towards them  Responsibilities for product quality evaluation are defined and assigned to the test group and other related groups, e.g., quality assurance and/or configuration management

建立和维护组织方针来计划和执行产品质量评估过程。详述，产品质量评估方针通常指的是：1. 产品质量评估活动来支持组织的承诺以提高产品的质量。2. 项目定义和搜集用于产品质量评估的测量方法。基于项目定义的流程。3。项目为了产品定义定量的质量目标和监视实际进度来达到它们。4.产品质量评估的责任被定义和分配给测试组织以及其他相关组织。质量保证和配置管理。

GP 2.2 Plan the process

Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Product Quality Evaluation process.. Elaboration Typically, the plan for performing the product quality evaluation process is included in the test plan, which is described in the TMMi Test Planning process area. The activities for product quality evaluation, e.g., the definition of product quality goals and the (test) measurement activities, are explicitly scheduled as part of the plan. Alternatively, the plan for performing the product quality evaluation process may be described as part of the project’s quality plan.

GP 2.3 Provide resources

Provide adequate resources for performing the Product Quality Evaluation process, developing the test work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration  Adequate time is provided to perform the product quality evaluation activities  Specialists in measurement and non-functional testing, e.g., for performance, safety or reliability, may be needed to define the quality goals and measures, and select the (test) measurement techniques. They may also be needed to analyze and interpret the collected data  Tools to support the product quality evaluation activities are available

GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities

Assign responsibility and authority for performing the process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the Product Quality Evaluation process. When defining the responsibility for this process area, it must be made clear what the role and responsibility of quality assurance is in this context. The quality assurance group is, by nature, defining process and product quality goals and evaluating the project’s performance in achieving these goals.

GP 2.5 Train People

Train the people performing or supporting the Product Quality Evaluation process as needed. Elaboration Examples of training topics include the following:  Understanding the goals and benefits of quantitatively managing product quality  Understanding product quality measurements  Methods for defining, selecting and collecting measurements  Quality attributes (e.g. ISO 9126)  Methods and techniques to elicit product quality needs  Techniques to measure product quality  Supporting measurement tools

GP 2.6 Manage configurations

Place selected work products of the Product Quality Evaluation process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following:  Product quality needs documents  Definitions of product quality goals, operational measures and their collection points during the processes  Collected measurements

GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders

Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Product Quality Evaluation process as planned. Elaboration Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include the following:  Eliciting product quality needs  Reviewing product quality needs, product quality goals and test measurement approaches  Assessing product quality being achieved against the product quality goals  Reviewing product quality achieved

GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process

Monitor and control the Product Quality Evaluation process in accordance with the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions as needed. Elaboration Examples of measures used to monitor and control the Product Quality Evaluation process include the following:  Percentage of product quality goals actually being achieved by the projects  Percentage of product quality goals actually being measured in the projects  Schedule of data collection, analysis and reporting activities related to the product quality goals

GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence

Objectively evaluate adherence of the Product Quality Evaluation process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address any areas of noncompliance. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit evaluation adherence topics include the following:  Definition of the quantitative product quality goals  Collected measures  Information in the test plan regarding product quality evaluation activities to be performed  The process for establishing and monitoring the product quality goals

GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management

Review the activities, status and results of Product Quality Evaluation process with higher level management and resolve issues.

GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process

GP 3.1 Establish a defined process

Establish and maintain a description of a defined Product Quality Evaluation process.

建立和维护定义的产品质量评估过程的描述

GP 3.2 Collect improvement information

Collect process related experiences derived from planning and performing the Product Quality Evaluation process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Examples of measures include the following:  Cost of poor quality  Cost for achieving the product quality goals

搜集过程相关的经验，从计划和执行产品质量评估过程提取的经验，来支持未来使用和组织过程和过程资产的提高。低质量的耗费，到达产品质量目标的耗费。