[Debug] printf undefined reference to `putchar‘

今天遇到一个诡异的问题，简单的说就是，在添加了printf以后，会跳出两个error来
一个叫undefined reference to putchar
另一个叫undefined reference to puts
然后把printf注掉以后，这两个error又莫名其妙的没了。

在网上查了半天，终于找到一个关于这个问题的讨论，问题也解决了。
printf and puts problem…

简单摘录其中的几个比较有用的说法如下：

1, GCC确实会自作聪明的做一些替换

GCC does do basic function substitution when certain optimizations are enabled.
For example.
printf(“a”); -> putchar(‘a’);
printf(“hello\n”) -> puts(“hello”);
basically if there is no format character in the string then it may be reduced to a simpler function.

how can I disable that optimizations?

using the -O argument you can control the optimisation level.
-O0 is none.

Hmm… the only things I use are:
-fno-leading-underscore -ffreestanding -fpack-struct
I don’t want the leading underscore, since it makes my C -> asm easier (as well as linking libraries), freestanding was so it doesn’t link the regular C library (or so I thought, and it works for me, so i dunno), and pack-struct because I wanted all my structures packed unless I specifically tell it not to be (so I am 100% positive my structs are what I think they are, and if I compile for 64-bit I don’t want it all breaking unless I already know it’s going to). Anyways, those are the only arguments I use for gcc and my kernel and drivers compile without issue.

2, 是buildin函数在作怪(解决方案)

Actually it’s -fno-builtin that does the trick…
And -nostdlib to avoid linking with the libraries used on the OS that gcc is on (or -nodefaultlibs to avoid gcc provided library functions).