shell 编程语法总结（I/O 逻辑控制结构）

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-26 10:20:21 发布

warrior_zhang

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-26 10:20:21 发布

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分类专栏： linux shell

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FIRST:control structure
1 CONDITION--if
         The Form:
        if [ expression ]
          then
              command
      elif [ expression ]
          then
              command
      ....
      else
              command
      fi
For example:
      if [ $# -lt 2 ]
          then
              echo "Error!Arguments are not enough!"
      elif [ $# -gt 2 ]
          then
              echo "Error!Arguments are too many!"
      else
              echo "Good!U are great!"
      fi
Summary:
(1)operator meaning
      -eq equal to
      -ne not equal to
      -lt less than
      -le less than or equal
      -gt great than
      -ge great than or equal
(2)there must be ' ' space at the two side of '[' and ']'

(3)"if" and "fi" are a pair

(4)if [ expression ] ;then
      or
        if [ expression ]
              then
      these two forms are all right!
     2CONDITION--case
     The Form:
            case word in
               pattern1 )
                    command-list1
                    ;;
               pattern2 )
                    command--list2
                         ;;
               ...
             esac
         Summary :
          (1)";;" or ";&" or ";;&"
              ";;" carry out the command-list will exit the case structure
              ";&" and ";;&"carry out the command-list will continue matching the next pattern
          (2)
              "case" and "esac" are a pair
          (3)
              the pipe can be used in pattern,for example
                  a|b|c|...)
                      command-list
                        ;;
3CIRCULATE--while
      The Form:
          while [ expression ]
              do
                  command
              done
          or
          while [ expression ] ; do command ; done


SECOND:I/O and pipe
1 OUTPUT
      redirection output operator
          '>' only output the content to the place and the next '>' will cover the content in it.
          '>>' add the output contnet to the place at the end. That is to say it will not cover the content in it .

      the default output is 1; the error information output is 2
      so "1> a" can redirect the standard output to a
          "2> b" can redirection the error output to b
          "&> a" and "1>a 2>&1" and "2>a 1>&2" can output the all content to a
      The Form:
          command > a
          {command1; command2; command3; ...} > a
          command >> a
          command 1> a 2> b

2INPUT:
      The Form:
          command < filename

THIRD:quote
1(\)
Form:
      \(character)
For example:
        echo Price:\$2
      then putout: Price:$2
          but not putout the second parameter
2('' )
Form:
      'character string'
For example:
      echo 'The book < >'
      putout The book <>
          "<<" and ">>" is not as special character
3("")
    Form:
      "character string"
For example:
      echo "under the current directory: $(ls)"
      putout
            under the current directory: CreazyCode
            Desktop
            Documents
            Downloads
            Music
            Pictures
            Public
            Templates
            Videos

"$(ls)"is as special character . This is the difference between '' and ""

    Summary:
        $ ' " \ the four characters are still having their features under("")
4file name wildcard

character description

* match any number characters

? match one character

[] match one character of the specified range

For example:

touch aa.x ba.x ca.x

ls *.x

ls ?a.x

ls [a~c]a.x

    the output is aa.x ba.x ca.x
5command replace
form
    $(command) or 'command'
For example
when nest in command
    echo "Next year will be 'expr \'date+%Y\'+1'"
    echo "Previous year was $(expr$(date+%Y)-1)"

FOURTH:variable
1common variable:
      Form:
          NAME=value
          or
          read -p "prompt infomation" variable1 variable2 variable3 ...

            U can set read only variable in this way
          readonly NAME
              NAME=somevalue
          or
          readonly NAME=somevalue
      Summary:
          "unset NAME" will free the NAME
          when assigned some value to the name by '=' , there must no space at the two side of '='