tensorflow实现进阶的卷及网络

#%%
# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# ==============================================================================

import cifar10,cifar10_input
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import time

max_steps = 3000
batch_size = 128
#下载CIFAR-10数据的默认路径
data_dir = '/tmp/cifar10_data/cifar-10-batches-bin'


def variable_with_weight_loss(shape, stddev, wl):
	#使用截断的正态分布来初始化权重
    var = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=stddev))
    if wl is not None:
    	#给weight加一个L2的loss,相当于做了一个L2的正则化处理
    	#把weight loss统一存到一个collection
        weight_loss = tf.multiply(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wl, name='weight_loss')
        tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_loss)
    return var


def loss(logits, labels):
#      """Add L2Loss to all the trainable variables.
#      Add summary for "Loss" and "Loss/avg".
#      Args:
#        logits: Logits from inference().
#        labels: Labels from distorted_inputs or inputs(). 1-D tensor
#                of shape [batch_size]
#      Returns:
#        Loss tensor of type float.
#      """
#      # Calculate the average cross entropy loss across the batch.
	#转变数据类型
    labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64)
    cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        logits=logits, labels=labels, name='cross_entropy_per_example')
    #对cross entropy计算均值
    cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='cross_entropy')
    #tf.add_to_collection–向当前计算图中添加张量集合
    tf.add_to_collection('losses', cross_entropy_mean)

  # The total loss is defined as the cross entropy loss plus all of the weight
  # decay terms (L2 loss).
  #tf.get_collection–返回当前计算图中手动添加的张量集合
  #tf.add_n:实现一个列表的元素相加
    return tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'), name='total_loss')
  
###
#下载数据集
cifar10.maybe_download_and_extract()

#对数据进行增强
images_train, labels_train = cifar10_input.distorted_inputs(data_dir=data_dir,
                                                            batch_size=batch_size)
#需要裁剪图片正中间的24x24大小的区块
images_test, labels_test = cifar10_input.inputs(eval_data=True,
                                                data_dir=data_dir,
                                                batch_size=batch_size)                                                  
#images_train, labels_train = cifar10.distorted_inputs()
#images_test, labels_test = cifar10.inputs(eval_data=True)
#创建占位符
image_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [batch_size, 24, 24, 3])
label_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size])

#logits = inference(image_holder)
#第一层
weight1 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 3, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel1 = tf.nn.conv2d(image_holder, weight1, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
#创建一个常量
bias1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[64]))
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel1, bias1))
#最大池化的尺寸和步长不一致，可以增加数据丰富性
#strides
#b表示在样本上的步长默认为1，也就是每一个样本都会进行运算。
#h表示在高度上的默认移动步长为1，这个可以自己设定，根据网络的结构合理调节。
#w表示在宽度上的默认移动步长为1，这个同上可以自己设定。
#c表示在通道上的默认移动步长为1，这个表示每一个通道都会进行运算。
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')
#对局部神经元的活动创造竞争环境，使得其中相应比较大的值变得相对很大
norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)


weight2 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 64, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel2 = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weight2, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
#bias全部初始化为0.1
bias2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[64]))
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel2, bias2))
norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')
#使用tf.reshape函数将每个样本都变成一维向量
reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [batch_size, -1])
#获取扁平化后的长度
dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value
#设置一个非零的wl,让这一层的所有参数都被l2正则所约束，防止过拟合
weight3 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[dim, 384], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias3 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[384]))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weight3) + bias3)

weight4 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[384, 192], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias4 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[192]))                                      
local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weight4) + bias4)

weight5 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[192, 10], stddev=1/192.0, wl=0.0)
bias5 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]))
#模型输出的结果
logits = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weight5), bias5)

loss = loss(logits, label_holder)

#优化器依然选择Adam Optimizer
train_op = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-3).minimize(loss) #0.72

#求输出结果中top K的准确率
top_k_op = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, label_holder, 1)

sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
#初始化全部模型参数
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
#启动图片数据增强的线程队列
tf.train.start_queue_runners()
###
for step in range(max_steps):
    start_time = time.time()
    #获得一个batch的训练数据
    image_batch,label_batch = sess.run([images_train,labels_train])
    _, loss_value = sess.run([train_op, loss],feed_dict={image_holder: image_batch, 
                                                         label_holder:label_batch})
    duration = time.time() - start_time

    if step % 10 == 0:
        examples_per_sec = batch_size / duration
        sec_per_batch = float(duration)
    
        format_str = ('step %d, loss = %.2f (%.1f examples/sec; %.3f sec/batch)')
        print(format_str % (step, loss_value, examples_per_sec, sec_per_batch))
    
###
num_examples = 10000
import math
num_iter = int(math.ceil(num_examples / batch_size))
true_count = 0  
total_sample_count = num_iter * batch_size
step = 0
while step < num_iter:
    image_batch,label_batch = sess.run([images_test,labels_test])
    #执行top_k_op计算模型在这个batch的top1上预测正确的样本数
    predictions = sess.run([top_k_op],feed_dict={image_holder: image_batch,
                                                 label_holder:label_batch})
    true_count += np.sum(predictions)
    step += 1

precision = true_count / total_sample_count
print('precision @ 1 = %.3f' % precision)