装饰模式

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class Data
{
public:
	Data() {}
	Data(string strData) : m_strData(strData) {}
	void setData(const string& strData) { m_strData = strData; }
	const string& getData() { return m_strData; }
	virtual const string operation() { return m_strData; }
private:
	string m_strData;
};

class DataManager : public Data
{
public:
	DataManager() {}
	DataManager(Data* pobjData) : m_pobjData(pobjData) {}
	virtual const string operation() override
	{
		if (!m_pobjData)
		{
			return m_pobjData->operation();
		}
		return string();
	}
	void setData(Data* pobjData) { m_pobjData = pobjData; }
protected:
	Data* m_pobjData = nullptr;
};

class SaveData : public DataManager
{
public:
	SaveData() {}
	SaveData(SaveData* pobjSaveData) : DataManager(pobjSaveData) {}
	virtual const string operation() override
	{
		string strData = m_pobjData->operation();
		cout << "保存数据" << strData << endl;
		return strData;
	}
};

class ClassicalEncryptData : public DataManager
{
public:
	ClassicalEncryptData() { this->initializeKeys(); }
	ClassicalEncryptData(ClassicalEncryptData* pobjClassicalEncryptData) : DataManager(pobjClassicalEncryptData) { this->initializeKeys(); }
	void initializeKeys()
	{
		m_mapKeys.clear();
		for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
		{
			m_mapKeys.insert(make_pair('a' + i, 'a' + ((i + 3) % 26)));
		}
	}
	virtual const string operation() override
	{
		string strData = m_pobjData->operation();
		map<char, char> mapKeys = m_mapKeys;
		transform(strData.begin(), strData.end(), strData.begin(), [&mapKeys](const char& ch){ return mapKeys.find(ch) == mapKeys.end() ? ' ' : mapKeys[ch]; });
		cout << strData << endl;
		return strData;
	}
private:
	map<char, char> m_mapKeys;
};

int main()
{
	Data* pobjData = new Data("hello");
	SaveData* pobjSaveData = new SaveData();
	ClassicalEncryptData* pobjClassicalEncryptData = new ClassicalEncryptData();
	pobjClassicalEncryptData->setData(pobjData);
	pobjSaveData->setData(pobjClassicalEncryptData);
	pobjSaveData->operation();
	return 0;
}

总结：Data类保存数据，DataManager类对Data类进行装饰，SaveData类和ClassicalEncryptData类为具体的装饰类。装饰模式可以有选择地、按顺序地进行装饰