观察者模式

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Subject;

class Observer
{
public:
	Observer() {}
	Observer(Subject* pobjSubject, string strName) : m_pobjSubject(pobjSubject), m_strName(strName) {}
	void setName(const string& strName) { m_strName = strName; }
	const string& getName() { return m_strName; }
	void setSubject(Subject* pobjSubject) { m_pobjSubject = pobjSubject; }
	virtual void notify() = 0;
protected:
	string m_strName;
	Subject* m_pobjSubject = nullptr;
};

class Subject
{
public:
	void setState(const string& strState) { m_strState = strState; }
	const string& getState() { return m_strState; }
	void addObserver(Observer* pobjObserver) { m_vecObserver.push_back(pobjObserver); }
	void removeObserver(Observer* pobjObserver)
	{
		for (auto& it = m_vecObserver.begin(); it != m_vecObserver.end();)
		{
			if ((*it)->getName() == pobjObserver->getName())
			{
				delete (*it);
				it = m_vecObserver.erase(it);
			}
			else
			{
				++it;
			}
		}
	}
	void updateObserver()
	{
		for (auto& it : m_vecObserver)
		{
			if (it)
			{
				it->notify();
			}
		}
	}
protected:
	string m_strState;
	vector<Observer*> m_vecObserver;
};

class Boss : public Subject
{
};

class Secretary : public Subject
{
};

class StockObserver : public Observer
{
public:
	StockObserver() {}
	StockObserver(Subject* pobjSubject, string strName) : Observer(pobjSubject, strName) {}
	virtual void notify() override
	{
		if (m_pobjSubject)
		{
			cout << "给" << m_strName << m_pobjSubject->getState() << endl;
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	Subject* pobjBoss = new Boss();
	Observer* pobjStockObserver = new StockObserver(pobjBoss, "彳亍");
	pobjBoss->addObserver(pobjStockObserver);
	pobjBoss->setState("升职加薪");
	pobjBoss->updateObserver();
	return 0;
}

第一版的观察者模式缺陷是如果这个类是已经设计好的，那就没法再去改变这个类的代码，也就无法实现观察者模式，这个版本的实现在于所有的类必须是可以修改代码的。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Subject;

class Observer
{
public:
	Observer() {}
	Observer(Subject* pobjSubject, string strName) : m_pobjSubject(pobjSubject), m_strName(strName) {}
	void setName(const string& strName) { m_strName = strName; }
	const string& getName() { return m_strName; }
	void setSubject(Subject* pobjSubject) { m_pobjSubject = pobjSubject; }
	virtual void notify() = 0;
protected:
	string m_strName;
	Subject* m_pobjSubject = nullptr;
};

class IDelegate
{
public:
	virtual void invoke() = 0;
};

template<typename T>
class Delegate : public IDelegate
{
public:
	Delegate(T* pT, void(T::*pFunction)()) : m_pT(pT), m_pFunction(pFunction) {}
	virtual void invoke() override
	{
		(m_pT->*m_pFunction)();
	}
private:
	T* m_pT;
	void(T::*m_pFunction)();
};

class Subject
{
private:
	typedef void (Observer::*function)();
public:
	void setState(const string& strState) { m_strState = strState; }
	const string& getState() { return m_strState; }
	void addObserver(IDelegate* pobjIDelegate) { m_vecIDelegate.push_back(pobjIDelegate); }
	void updateObserver()
	{
		for (auto& it : m_vecIDelegate)
		{
			it->invoke();
		}
	}
protected:
	string m_strState;
	vector<IDelegate*> m_vecIDelegate;
};

class Boss : public Subject
{
};

class Secretary : public Subject
{
};

class StockObserver : public Observer
{
public:
	StockObserver() {}
	StockObserver(Subject* pobjSubject, string strName) : Observer(pobjSubject, strName) {}
	virtual void notify() override
	{
		if (m_pobjSubject)
		{
			cout << "给" << m_strName << m_pobjSubject->getState() << endl;
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	Subject* pobjBoss = new Boss();
	Observer* pobjStockObserver = new StockObserver(pobjBoss, "彳亍");
	Delegate<Observer> objDelegate(pobjStockObserver, &Observer::notify);
	pobjBoss->setState("升职加薪");
	pobjBoss->addObserver(&objDelegate);
	pobjBoss->updateObserver();
	return 0;
}

第二版的观察者模式加上了委托，这里的委托非常的简单，只是适合这个例子。

总结：观察者模式很好地完成了一个对象的改变使得不知道数量的对象都得到改变