A Visual Git Reference

这篇材料是图解git中的最常用命令的英文出处。

If the images do not work, you can try the Non-SVG version of this page.

This page gives brief, visual reference for the most common commands in git. Once you know a bit about how git works, this site may solidify your understanding. If you're interested in how this site was created, see my GitHub repository.

Basic Usage

The four commands above copy files between the working directory, the stage (also called the index), and the history (in the form of commits).

• git add files copies files (at their current state) to the stage.
• git commit saves a snapshot of the stage as a commit.
• git reset -- files unstages files; that is, it copies files from the latest commit to the stage. Use this command to "undo" a git add files. You can also git reset to unstage everything.
• git checkout -- files copies files from the stage to the working directory. Use this to throw away local changes.

You can use git reset -p, git checkout -p, or git add -p instead of (or in addition to) specifying particular files to interactively choose which hunks copy.

It is also possible to jump over the stage and check out files directly from the history or commit files without staging first.

• git commit -a is equivalent to running git add on all filenames that existed in the latest commit, and then running git commit.
• git commit files creates a new commit containing the contents of the latest commit, plus a snapshot of files taken from the working directory. Additionally, filesare copied to the stage.
• git checkout HEAD -- files copies files from the latest commit to both the stage and the working directory.

Conventions

In the rest of this document, we will use graphs of the following form.